# Arithmetic Evaluation: `=`

**This feature has been deprecated** and thus the following documentation is
provided for historical reference rather than recommendations for new code.

While we do make every effort to maintain backwards compatibility, sometimes
deprecations need to be made in order to keep Murex focused and maintainable.

Please read our [compatibility commitment](https://murex.rocks/compatibility.html)
for more information on how we approach such changes. Visit the [deprecated section](https://github.com/lmorg/murex/tree/master/docs/deprecated)
if you need to view other deprecated features.


> Evaluate a mathematical function (removed 7.0)

## Description

`=` evaluates a mathematical function and returns it's output

**This is a deprecated feature. Please refer to [`expr`](expr.md) instead.**

## Usage

```
<stdin> -> = evaluation -> <stdout>

= evaluation -> <stdout>
```

## Examples

### As a method

```
» let age=18
» $age -> = < 21
true

» $age -> = < 21 -> if { out "Under 21" } else { out "Over 21" }
Under 21
```

### As a function

```
» let age=18
» = age < 21
true

» = age < 21 -> if { out "Under 21" } else { out "Over 21" }
Under 21
```

### Inlining as a function

```
» let age=18
» if { = age < 21 } then { out "Under 21" } else { out "Over 21" }
Under 21
```

## Detail

### Variables

There are two ways you can use variables with the math functions. Either by
string interpolation like you would normally with any other function, or
directly by name.

String interpolation:

```
» set abc=123
» = $abc==123
true
```

Directly by name:

```
» set abc=123
» = abc==123
false
```

To understand the difference between the two, you must first understand how
string interpolation works; which is where the parser tokenised the parameters
like so

```
command line: = $abc==123
token 1: command (name: "=")
token 2: parameter 1, string (content: "")
token 3: parameter 1, variable (name: "abc")
token 4: parameter 1, string (content: "==123")
```

Then when the command line gets executed, the parameters are compiled on demand
similarly to this crude pseudo-code

```
command: "="
parameters 1: concatenate("", GetValue(abc), "==123")
output: "=" "123==123"
```

Thus the actual command getting run is literally `123==123` due to the variable
being replace **before** the command executes.

Whereas when you call the variable by name it's up to `=` or `let` to do the
variable substitution.

```
command line: = abc==123
token 1: command (name: "=")
token 2: parameter 1, string (content: "abc==123")
```

```
command: "="
parameters 1: concatenate("abc==123")
output: "=" "abc==123"
```

The main advantage (or disadvantage, depending on your perspective) of using
variables this way is that their data-type is preserved.

```
» set str abc=123
» = abc==123
false

» set int abc=123
» = abc==123
true
```

Unfortunately is one of the biggest areas in Murex where you'd need to be
careful. The simple addition or omission of the dollar prefix, `$`, can change
the behavior of `=` and `let`.

### Strings

Because the usual Murex tools for encapsulating a string (`"`, `'` and `()`)
are interpreted by the shell language parser, it means we need a new token for
handling strings inside `=` and `let`. This is where backtick comes to our
rescue.

```
» set str abc=123
» = abc==`123`
true
```

Please be mindful that if you use string interpolation then you will need to
instruct `=` and `let` that your field is a string

```
» set str abc=123
» = `$abc`==`123`
true
```

### Best practice recommendation

As you can see from the sections above, string interpolation offers us some
conveniences when comparing variables of differing data-types, such as a `str`
type with a number (eg `num` or `int`). However it makes for less readable code
when just comparing strings. Thus the recommendation is to avoid using string
interpolation except only where it really makes sense (ie use it sparingly).

### Non-boolean logic

Thus far the examples given have been focused on comparisons however `=` and
`let` supports all the usual arithmetic operators:

```
» = 10+10
20

» = 10/10
1

» = (4 * (3 + 2))
20

» = `foo`+`bar`
foobar
```

### Read more

Murex uses the [govaluate package](https://github.com/Knetic/govaluate). More information can be found in it's manual.

## Synonyms

* `=`


## See Also

* [Define Environmental Variable: `export`](../commands/export.md):
  Define an environmental variable and set it's value
* [Define Global: `global`](../commands/global.md):
  Define a global variable and set it's value
* [Define Global: `global`](../commands/global.md):
  Define a global variable and set it's value
* [Define Variable: `set`](../commands/set.md):
  Define a variable (typically local) and set it's value
* [Expressions: `expr`](../commands/expr.md):
  Expressions: mathematical, string comparisons, logical operators
* [Get Item Property: `[ Index ]`](../parser/item-index.md):
  Outputs an element from an array, map or table
* [Get Nested Element: `[[ Element ]]`](../parser/element.md):
  Outputs an element from a nested structure
* [If Conditional: `if`](../commands/if.md):
  Conditional statement to execute different blocks of code depending on the result of the condition
* [Integer Operations: `let`](../deprecated/let.md):
  Evaluate a mathematical function and assign to variable (removed 7.0)
* [Reserved Variables](../user-guide/reserved-vars.md):
  Special variables reserved by Murex
* [Variable And Config Scoping](../user-guide/scoping.md):
  How scoping works within Murex
* [`%(Brace Quote)`](../parser/brace-quote.md):
  Initiates or terminates a string (variables expanded)

<hr/>

This document was generated from [builtins/core/typemgmt/math_doc.yaml](https://github.com/lmorg/murex/blob/master/builtins/core/typemgmt/math_doc.yaml).
