import math
import numbers
import warnings
from collections.abc import Sequence
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union

import PIL.Image
import torch
from torch.nn.functional import one_hot
from torch.utils._pytree import tree_flatten, tree_unflatten
from torchvision import transforms as _transforms, tv_tensors
from torchvision.transforms.v2 import functional as F

from ._transform import _RandomApplyTransform, Transform
from ._utils import _check_sequence_input, _parse_labels_getter, has_any, is_pure_tensor, query_chw, query_size


class RandomErasing(_RandomApplyTransform):
    """Randomly select a rectangle region in the input image or video and erase its pixels.

    This transform does not support PIL Image.
    'Random Erasing Data Augmentation' by Zhong et al. See https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04896

    Args:
        p (float, optional): probability that the random erasing operation will be performed.
        scale (tuple of float, optional): range of proportion of erased area against input image.
        ratio (tuple of float, optional): range of aspect ratio of erased area.
        value (number or tuple of numbers): erasing value. Default is 0. If a single int, it is used to
            erase all pixels. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to erase
            R, G, B channels respectively.
            If a str of 'random', erasing each pixel with random values.
        inplace (bool, optional): boolean to make this transform inplace. Default set to False.

    Returns:
        Erased input.

    Example:
        >>> from torchvision.transforms import v2 as transforms
        >>>
        >>> transform = transforms.Compose([
        >>>   transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        >>>   transforms.PILToTensor(),
        >>>   transforms.ConvertImageDtype(torch.float),
        >>>   transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
        >>>   transforms.RandomErasing(),
        >>> ])
    """

    _v1_transform_cls = _transforms.RandomErasing

    def _extract_params_for_v1_transform(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return dict(
            super()._extract_params_for_v1_transform(),
            value="random" if self.value is None else self.value,
        )

    def __init__(
        self,
        p: float = 0.5,
        scale: Sequence[float] = (0.02, 0.33),
        ratio: Sequence[float] = (0.3, 3.3),
        value: float = 0.0,
        inplace: bool = False,
    ):
        super().__init__(p=p)
        if not isinstance(value, (numbers.Number, str, tuple, list)):
            raise TypeError("Argument value should be either a number or str or a sequence")
        if isinstance(value, str) and value != "random":
            raise ValueError("If value is str, it should be 'random'")
        if not isinstance(scale, Sequence):
            raise TypeError("Scale should be a sequence")
        if not isinstance(ratio, Sequence):
            raise TypeError("Ratio should be a sequence")
        if (scale[0] > scale[1]) or (ratio[0] > ratio[1]):
            warnings.warn("Scale and ratio should be of kind (min, max)")
        if scale[0] < 0 or scale[1] > 1:
            raise ValueError("Scale should be between 0 and 1")
        self.scale = scale
        self.ratio = ratio
        if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
            self.value = [float(value)]
        elif isinstance(value, str):
            self.value = None
        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            self.value = [float(v) for v in value]
        else:
            self.value = value
        self.inplace = inplace

        self._log_ratio = torch.log(torch.tensor(self.ratio))

    def _call_kernel(self, functional: Callable, inpt: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        if isinstance(inpt, (tv_tensors.BoundingBoxes, tv_tensors.KeyPoints, tv_tensors.Mask)):
            warnings.warn(
                f"{type(self).__name__}() is currently passing through inputs of type "
                f"tv_tensors.{type(inpt).__name__}. This will likely change in the future."
            )
        return super()._call_kernel(functional, inpt, *args, **kwargs)

    def make_params(self, flat_inputs: list[Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
        img_c, img_h, img_w = query_chw(flat_inputs)

        if self.value is not None and len(self.value) not in (1, img_c):
            raise ValueError(
                f"If value is a sequence, it should have either a single value or {img_c} (number of inpt channels)"
            )

        area = img_h * img_w

        log_ratio = self._log_ratio
        for _ in range(10):
            erase_area = area * torch.empty(1).uniform_(self.scale[0], self.scale[1]).item()
            aspect_ratio = torch.exp(
                torch.empty(1).uniform_(
                    log_ratio[0],  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                    log_ratio[1],  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                )
            ).item()

            h = int(round(math.sqrt(erase_area * aspect_ratio)))
            w = int(round(math.sqrt(erase_area / aspect_ratio)))
            if not (h < img_h and w < img_w):
                continue

            if self.value is None:
                v = torch.empty([img_c, h, w], dtype=torch.float32).normal_()
            else:
                v = torch.tensor(self.value)[:, None, None]

            i = torch.randint(0, img_h - h + 1, size=(1,)).item()
            j = torch.randint(0, img_w - w + 1, size=(1,)).item()
            break
        else:
            i, j, h, w, v = 0, 0, img_h, img_w, None

        return dict(i=i, j=j, h=h, w=w, v=v)

    def transform(self, inpt: Any, params: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        if params["v"] is not None:
            inpt = self._call_kernel(F.erase, inpt, **params, inplace=self.inplace)

        return inpt


class _BaseMixUpCutMix(Transform):
    def __init__(self, *, alpha: float = 1.0, num_classes: Optional[int] = None, labels_getter="default") -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.alpha = float(alpha)
        self._dist = torch.distributions.Beta(torch.tensor([alpha]), torch.tensor([alpha]))

        self.num_classes = num_classes

        self._labels_getter = _parse_labels_getter(labels_getter)

    def forward(self, *inputs):
        inputs = inputs if len(inputs) > 1 else inputs[0]
        flat_inputs, spec = tree_flatten(inputs)
        needs_transform_list = self._needs_transform_list(flat_inputs)

        if has_any(flat_inputs, PIL.Image.Image, tv_tensors.BoundingBoxes, tv_tensors.Mask, tv_tensors.KeyPoints):
            raise ValueError(
                f"{type(self).__name__}() does not support PIL images, bounding boxes, keypoints and masks."
            )

        labels = self._labels_getter(inputs)
        if not isinstance(labels, torch.Tensor):
            raise ValueError(f"The labels must be a tensor, but got {type(labels)} instead.")
        if labels.ndim not in (1, 2):
            raise ValueError(
                f"labels should be index based with shape (batch_size,) "
                f"or probability based with shape (batch_size, num_classes), "
                f"but got a tensor of shape {labels.shape} instead."
            )
        if labels.ndim == 2 and self.num_classes is not None and labels.shape[-1] != self.num_classes:
            raise ValueError(
                f"When passing 2D labels, "
                f"the number of elements in last dimension must match num_classes: "
                f"{labels.shape[-1]} != {self.num_classes}. "
                f"You can Leave num_classes to None."
            )
        if labels.ndim == 1 and self.num_classes is None:
            raise ValueError("num_classes must be passed if the labels are index-based (1D)")

        params = {
            "labels": labels,
            "batch_size": labels.shape[0],
            **self.make_params(
                [inpt for (inpt, needs_transform) in zip(flat_inputs, needs_transform_list) if needs_transform]
            ),
        }

        # By default, the labels will be False inside needs_transform_list, since they are a torch.Tensor coming
        # after an image or video. However, we need to handle them in _transform, so we make sure to set them to True
        needs_transform_list[next(idx for idx, inpt in enumerate(flat_inputs) if inpt is labels)] = True
        flat_outputs = [
            self.transform(inpt, params) if needs_transform else inpt
            for (inpt, needs_transform) in zip(flat_inputs, needs_transform_list)
        ]

        return tree_unflatten(flat_outputs, spec)

    def _check_image_or_video(self, inpt: torch.Tensor, *, batch_size: int):
        expected_num_dims = 5 if isinstance(inpt, tv_tensors.Video) else 4
        if inpt.ndim != expected_num_dims:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Expected a batched input with {expected_num_dims} dims, but got {inpt.ndim} dimensions instead."
            )
        if inpt.shape[0] != batch_size:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The batch size of the image or video does not match the batch size of the labels: "
                f"{inpt.shape[0]} != {batch_size}."
            )

    def _mixup_label(self, label: torch.Tensor, *, lam: float) -> torch.Tensor:
        if label.ndim == 1:
            label = one_hot(label, num_classes=self.num_classes)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        if not label.dtype.is_floating_point:
            label = label.float()
        return label.roll(1, 0).mul_(1.0 - lam).add_(label.mul(lam))


class MixUp(_BaseMixUpCutMix):
    """Apply MixUp to the provided batch of images and labels.

    Paper: `mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization <https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09412>`_.

    .. note::
        This transform is meant to be used on **batches** of samples, not
        individual images. See
        :ref:`sphx_glr_auto_examples_transforms_plot_cutmix_mixup.py` for detailed usage
        examples.
        The sample pairing is deterministic and done by matching consecutive
        samples in the batch, so the batch needs to be shuffled (this is an
        implementation detail, not a guaranteed convention.)

    In the input, the labels are expected to be a tensor of shape ``(batch_size,)``. They will be transformed
    into a tensor of shape ``(batch_size, num_classes)``.

    Args:
        alpha (float, optional): hyperparameter of the Beta distribution used for mixup. Default is 1.
        num_classes (int, optional): number of classes in the batch. Used for one-hot-encoding.
            Can be None only if the labels are already one-hot-encoded.
        labels_getter (callable or "default", optional): indicates how to identify the labels in the input.
            By default, this will pick the second parameter as the labels if it's a tensor. This covers the most
            common scenario where this transform is called as ``MixUp()(imgs_batch, labels_batch)``.
            It can also be a callable that takes the same input as the transform, and returns the labels.
    """

    def make_params(self, flat_inputs: list[Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return dict(lam=float(self._dist.sample(())))  # type: ignore[arg-type]

    def transform(self, inpt: Any, params: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        lam = params["lam"]

        if inpt is params["labels"]:
            return self._mixup_label(inpt, lam=lam)
        elif isinstance(inpt, (tv_tensors.Image, tv_tensors.Video)) or is_pure_tensor(inpt):
            self._check_image_or_video(inpt, batch_size=params["batch_size"])

            output = inpt.roll(1, 0).mul_(1.0 - lam).add_(inpt.mul(lam))

            if isinstance(inpt, (tv_tensors.Image, tv_tensors.Video)):
                output = tv_tensors.wrap(output, like=inpt)

            return output
        else:
            return inpt


class CutMix(_BaseMixUpCutMix):
    """Apply CutMix to the provided batch of images and labels.

    Paper: `CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong Classifiers with Localizable Features
    <https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04899>`_.

    .. note::
        This transform is meant to be used on **batches** of samples, not
        individual images. See
        :ref:`sphx_glr_auto_examples_transforms_plot_cutmix_mixup.py` for detailed usage
        examples.
        The sample pairing is deterministic and done by matching consecutive
        samples in the batch, so the batch needs to be shuffled (this is an
        implementation detail, not a guaranteed convention.)

    In the input, the labels are expected to be a tensor of shape ``(batch_size,)``. They will be transformed
    into a tensor of shape ``(batch_size, num_classes)``.

    Args:
        alpha (float, optional): hyperparameter of the Beta distribution used for mixup. Default is 1.
        num_classes (int, optional): number of classes in the batch. Used for one-hot-encoding.
            Can be None only if the labels are already one-hot-encoded.
        labels_getter (callable or "default", optional): indicates how to identify the labels in the input.
            By default, this will pick the second parameter as the labels if it's a tensor. This covers the most
            common scenario where this transform is called as ``CutMix()(imgs_batch, labels_batch)``.
            It can also be a callable that takes the same input as the transform, and returns the labels.
    """

    def make_params(self, flat_inputs: list[Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
        lam = float(self._dist.sample(()))  # type: ignore[arg-type]

        H, W = query_size(flat_inputs)

        r_x = torch.randint(W, size=(1,))
        r_y = torch.randint(H, size=(1,))

        r = 0.5 * math.sqrt(1.0 - lam)
        r_w_half = int(r * W)
        r_h_half = int(r * H)

        x1 = int(torch.clamp(r_x - r_w_half, min=0))
        y1 = int(torch.clamp(r_y - r_h_half, min=0))
        x2 = int(torch.clamp(r_x + r_w_half, max=W))
        y2 = int(torch.clamp(r_y + r_h_half, max=H))
        box = (x1, y1, x2, y2)

        lam_adjusted = float(1.0 - (x2 - x1) * (y2 - y1) / (W * H))

        return dict(box=box, lam_adjusted=lam_adjusted)

    def transform(self, inpt: Any, params: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        if inpt is params["labels"]:
            return self._mixup_label(inpt, lam=params["lam_adjusted"])
        elif isinstance(inpt, (tv_tensors.Image, tv_tensors.Video)) or is_pure_tensor(inpt):
            self._check_image_or_video(inpt, batch_size=params["batch_size"])

            x1, y1, x2, y2 = params["box"]
            rolled = inpt.roll(1, 0)
            output = inpt.clone()
            output[..., y1:y2, x1:x2] = rolled[..., y1:y2, x1:x2]

            if isinstance(inpt, (tv_tensors.Image, tv_tensors.Video)):
                output = tv_tensors.wrap(output, like=inpt)

            return output
        else:
            return inpt


class JPEG(Transform):
    """Apply JPEG compression and decompression to the given images.

    If the input is a :class:`torch.Tensor`, it is expected
    to be of dtype uint8, on CPU, and have [..., 3 or 1, H, W] shape,
    where ... means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

    Args:
        quality (sequence or number): JPEG quality, from 1 to 100. Lower means more compression.
            If quality is a sequence like (min, max), it specifies the range of JPEG quality to
            randomly select from (inclusive of both ends).

    Returns:
        image with JPEG compression.
    """

    def __init__(self, quality: Union[int, Sequence[int]]):
        super().__init__()
        if isinstance(quality, int):
            if isinstance(quality, bool):
                raise TypeError("quality can't be bool")
            quality = [quality, quality]
        else:
            _check_sequence_input(quality, "quality", req_sizes=(2,))

        if not (1 <= quality[0] <= quality[1] <= 100 and isinstance(quality[0], int) and isinstance(quality[1], int)):
            raise ValueError(f"quality must be an integer from 1 to 100, got {quality =}")

        self.quality = quality

    def make_params(self, flat_inputs: list[Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
        quality = torch.randint(self.quality[0], self.quality[1] + 1, ()).item()
        return dict(quality=quality)

    def transform(self, inpt: Any, params: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        return self._call_kernel(F.jpeg, inpt, quality=params["quality"])
