# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Legacy module implementing RNN Cells.

This module provides a number of basic commonly used RNN cells, such as LSTM
(Long Short Term Memory) or GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit), and a number of
operators that allow adding dropouts, projections, or embeddings for inputs.
Constructing multi-layer cells is supported by the class `MultiRNNCell`, or by
calling the `rnn` ops several times.
"""


from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import collections
import warnings

import tensorflow.compat.v2 as tf

from keras.src import activations
from keras.src import backend
from keras.src import initializers
from keras.src.engine import base_layer_utils
from keras.src.engine import input_spec
from keras.src.legacy_tf_layers import base as base_layer
from keras.src.utils import tf_utils

# isort: off
from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging as logging
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import keras_export
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export

_BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME = "bias"
_WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME = "kernel"


def _hasattr(obj, attr_name):
    try:
        getattr(obj, attr_name)
    except AttributeError:
        return False
    else:
        return True


def _concat(prefix, suffix, static=False):
    """Concat that enables int, Tensor, or TensorShape values.

    This function takes a size specification, which can be an integer, a
    TensorShape, or a Tensor, and converts it into a concatenated Tensor
    (if static = False) or a list of integers (if static = True).

    Args:
      prefix: The prefix; usually the batch size (and/or time step size).
        (TensorShape, int, or Tensor.)
      suffix: TensorShape, int, or Tensor.
      static: If `True`, return a python list with possibly unknown dimensions.
        Otherwise return a `Tensor`.

    Returns:
      shape: the concatenation of prefix and suffix.

    Raises:
      ValueError: if `suffix` is not a scalar or vector (or TensorShape).
      ValueError: if prefix or suffix was `None` and asked for dynamic
        Tensors out.
    """
    if isinstance(prefix, tf.Tensor):
        p = prefix
        p_static = tf.get_static_value(prefix)
        if p.shape.ndims == 0:
            p = tf.compat.v1.expand_dims(p, 0)
        elif p.shape.ndims != 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "Prefix tensor must be either a scalar or vector, "
                f"but received tensor: {p}"
            )
    else:
        p = tf.TensorShape(prefix)
        p_static = p.as_list() if p.ndims is not None else None
        p = (
            tf.constant(p.as_list(), dtype=tf.int32)
            if p.is_fully_defined()
            else None
        )
    if isinstance(suffix, tf.Tensor):
        s = suffix
        s_static = tf.get_static_value(suffix)
        if s.shape.ndims == 0:
            s = tf.compat.v1.expand_dims(s, 0)
        elif s.shape.ndims != 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "suffix tensor must be either a scalar or vector, "
                f"but received tensor: {s}"
            )
    else:
        s = tf.TensorShape(suffix)
        s_static = s.as_list() if s.ndims is not None else None
        s = (
            tf.constant(s.as_list(), dtype=tf.int32)
            if s.is_fully_defined()
            else None
        )

    if static:
        shape = tf.TensorShape(p_static).concatenate(s_static)
        shape = shape.as_list() if shape.ndims is not None else None
    else:
        if p is None or s is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Prefix or suffix can't be None. "
                f"Received prefix = {prefix} and suffix = {suffix}"
            )
        shape = tf.concat((p, s), 0)
    return shape


def _zero_state_tensors(state_size, batch_size, dtype):
    """Create tensors of zeros based on state_size, batch_size, and dtype."""

    def get_state_shape(s):
        """Combine s with batch_size to get a proper tensor shape."""
        c = _concat(batch_size, s)
        size = tf.zeros(c, dtype=dtype)
        if not tf.executing_eagerly():
            c_static = _concat(batch_size, s, static=True)
            size.set_shape(c_static)
        return size

    return tf.nest.map_structure(get_state_shape, state_size)


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.RNNCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.RNNCell"])
class RNNCell(base_layer.Layer):
    """Abstract object representing an RNN cell.

    Every `RNNCell` must have the properties below and implement `call` with
    the signature `(output, next_state) = call(input, state)`.  The optional
    third input argument, `scope`, is allowed for backwards compatibility
    purposes; but should be left off for new subclasses.

    This definition of cell differs from the definition used in the literature.
    In the literature, 'cell' refers to an object with a single scalar output.
    This definition refers to a horizontal array of such units.

    An RNN cell, in the most abstract setting, is anything that has
    a state and performs some operation that takes a matrix of inputs.
    This operation results in an output matrix with `self.output_size` columns.
    If `self.state_size` is an integer, this operation also results in a new
    state matrix with `self.state_size` columns.  If `self.state_size` is a
    (possibly nested tuple of) TensorShape object(s), then it should return a
    matching structure of Tensors having shape `[batch_size].concatenate(s)`
    for each `s` in `self.batch_size`.
    """

    def __init__(self, trainable=True, name=None, dtype=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(trainable=trainable, name=name, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
        # Attribute that indicates whether the cell is a TF RNN cell, due the
        # slight difference between TF and Keras RNN cell. Notably the state is
        # not wrapped in a list for TF cell where they are single tensor state,
        # whereas keras cell will wrap the state into a list, and call() will
        # have to unwrap them.
        self._is_tf_rnn_cell = True

    def __call__(self, inputs, state, scope=None):
        """Run this RNN cell on inputs, starting from the given state.

        Args:
          inputs: `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, input_size]`.
          state: if `self.state_size` is an integer, this should be a
            `2-D Tensor` with shape `[batch_size, self.state_size]`. Otherwise,
            if `self.state_size` is a tuple of integers, this should be a tuple
            with shapes `[batch_size, s] for s in self.state_size`.
          scope: VariableScope for the created subgraph; None uses class name.
            Defaults to `None`.

        Returns:
          A pair containing:

          - Output: A `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, self.output_size]`.
          - New state: Either a single `2-D` tensor, or a tuple of tensors
            matching the arity and shapes of `state`.
        """
        if scope is not None:
            with tf.compat.v1.variable_scope(
                scope, custom_getter=self._rnn_get_variable
            ) as scope:
                return super().__call__(inputs, state, scope=scope)
        else:
            scope_attrname = "rnncell_scope"
            scope = getattr(self, scope_attrname, None)
            if scope is None:
                scope = tf.compat.v1.variable_scope(
                    tf.compat.v1.get_variable_scope(),
                    custom_getter=self._rnn_get_variable,
                )
                setattr(self, scope_attrname, scope)
            with scope:
                return super().__call__(inputs, state)

    def _rnn_get_variable(self, getter, *args, **kwargs):
        variable = getter(*args, **kwargs)
        if tf.compat.v1.executing_eagerly_outside_functions():
            trainable = variable.trainable
        else:
            trainable = variable in tf.compat.v1.trainable_variables() or (
                base_layer_utils.is_split_variable(variable)
                and list(variable)[0] in tf.compat.v1.trainable_variables()
            )
        if trainable and all(
            variable is not v for v in self._trainable_weights
        ):
            self._trainable_weights.append(variable)
        elif not trainable and all(
            variable is not v for v in self._non_trainable_weights
        ):
            self._non_trainable_weights.append(variable)
        return variable

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        """size(s) of state(s) used by this cell.

        It can be represented by an Integer, a TensorShape or a tuple of
        Integers or TensorShapes.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        """Integer or TensorShape: size of outputs produced by this cell."""
        raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")

    def build(self, _):
        # This tells the parent Layer object that it's OK to call
        # self.add_weight() inside the call() method.
        pass

    def get_initial_state(self, inputs=None, batch_size=None, dtype=None):
        if inputs is not None:
            # Validate the given batch_size and dtype against inputs if
            # provided.
            inputs = tf.convert_to_tensor(inputs, name="inputs")
            if batch_size is not None:
                if tf.is_tensor(batch_size):
                    static_batch_size = tf.get_static_value(
                        batch_size, partial=True
                    )
                else:
                    static_batch_size = batch_size
                if inputs.shape.dims[0].value != static_batch_size:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "batch size from input tensor is different from the "
                        "input param. Input tensor batch: "
                        f"{inputs.shape.dims[0].value}, "
                        f"batch_size: {batch_size}"
                    )

            if dtype is not None and inputs.dtype != dtype:
                raise ValueError(
                    "dtype from input tensor is different from the "
                    f"input param. Input tensor dtype: {inputs.dtype}, "
                    f"dtype: {dtype}"
                )

            batch_size = (
                inputs.shape.dims[0].value or tf.compat.v1.shape(inputs)[0]
            )
            dtype = inputs.dtype
        if batch_size is None or dtype is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "batch_size and dtype cannot be None while constructing "
                f"initial state: batch_size={batch_size}, dtype={dtype}"
            )
        return self.zero_state(batch_size, dtype)

    def zero_state(self, batch_size, dtype):
        """Return zero-filled state tensor(s).

        Args:
          batch_size: int, float, or unit Tensor representing the batch size.
          dtype: the data type to use for the state.

        Returns:
          If `state_size` is an int or TensorShape, then the return value is a
          `N-D` tensor of shape `[batch_size, state_size]` filled with zeros.

          If `state_size` is a nested list or tuple, then the return value is
          a nested list or tuple (of the same structure) of `2-D` tensors with
          the shapes `[batch_size, s]` for each s in `state_size`.
        """
        # Try to use the last cached zero_state. This is done to avoid
        # recreating zeros, especially when eager execution is enabled.
        state_size = self.state_size
        is_eager = tf.executing_eagerly()
        if is_eager and _hasattr(self, "_last_zero_state"):
            (
                last_state_size,
                last_batch_size,
                last_dtype,
                last_output,
            ) = getattr(self, "_last_zero_state")
            if (
                last_batch_size == batch_size
                and last_dtype == dtype
                and last_state_size == state_size
            ):
                return last_output
        with backend.name_scope(type(self).__name__ + "ZeroState"):
            output = _zero_state_tensors(state_size, batch_size, dtype)
        if is_eager:
            self._last_zero_state = (state_size, batch_size, dtype, output)
        return output

    def get_config(self):
        return super().get_config()

    @property
    def _use_input_spec_as_call_signature(self):
        # We do not store the shape information for the state argument in the
        # call function for legacy RNN cells, so do not generate an input
        # signature.
        return False


class LayerRNNCell(RNNCell):
    """Subclass of RNNCells that act like proper `tf.Layer` objects.

    For backwards compatibility purposes, most `RNNCell` instances allow their
    `call` methods to instantiate variables via `tf.compat.v1.get_variable`.
    The underlying variable scope thus keeps track of any variables, and
    returning cached versions.  This is atypical of `tf.layer` objects, which
    separate this part of layer building into a `build` method that is only
    called once.

    Here we provide a subclass for `RNNCell` objects that act exactly as
    `Layer` objects do.  They must provide a `build` method and their
    `call` methods do not access Variables `tf.compat.v1.get_variable`.
    """

    def __call__(self, inputs, state, scope=None, *args, **kwargs):
        """Run this RNN cell on inputs, starting from the given state.

        Args:
          inputs: `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, input_size]`.
          state: if `self.state_size` is an integer, this should be a `2-D
            Tensor` with shape `[batch_size, self.state_size]`.  Otherwise, if
            `self.state_size` is a tuple of integers, this should be a tuple
            with shapes `[batch_size, s] for s in self.state_size`.
          scope: optional cell scope.
          *args: Additional positional arguments.
          **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments.

        Returns:
          A pair containing:

          - Output: A `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, self.output_size]`.
          - New state: Either a single `2-D` tensor, or a tuple of tensors
            matching the arity and shapes of `state`.
        """
        # Bypass RNNCell's variable capturing semantics for LayerRNNCell.
        # Instead, it is up to subclasses to provide a proper build
        # method.  See the class docstring for more details.
        return base_layer.Layer.__call__(
            self, inputs, state, scope=scope, *args, **kwargs
        )


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell"])
class BasicRNNCell(LayerRNNCell):
    """The most basic RNN cell.

    Note that this cell is not optimized for performance.

    Args:
      num_units: int, The number of units in the RNN cell.
      activation: Nonlinearity to use.  Default: `tanh`. It could also be string
        that is within Keras activation function names.
      reuse: (optional) Python boolean describing whether to reuse variables in
        an existing scope. If not `True`, and the existing scope already has the
        given variables, an error is raised.
      name: String, the name of the layer. Layers with the same name will share
        weights, but to avoid mistakes we require reuse=True in such cases.
      dtype: Default dtype of the layer (default of `None` means use the type of
        the first input). Required when `build` is called before `call`.
      **kwargs: Dict, keyword named properties for common layer attributes, like
        `trainable` etc when constructing the cell from configs of get_config().
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_units,
        activation=None,
        reuse=None,
        name=None,
        dtype=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        warnings.warn(
            "`tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell` is deprecated and will be "
            "removed in a future version. This class "
            "is equivalent as `tf.keras.layers.SimpleRNNCell`, "
            "and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0.",
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        super().__init__(_reuse=reuse, name=name, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        if tf.executing_eagerly() and tf.config.list_logical_devices("GPU"):
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Note that this cell is not optimized for performance.",
                self,
            )

        # Inputs must be 2-dimensional.
        self.input_spec = input_spec.InputSpec(ndim=2)

        self._num_units = num_units
        if activation:
            self._activation = activations.get(activation)
        else:
            self._activation = tf.tanh

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        return self._num_units

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        return self._num_units

    @tf_utils.shape_type_conversion
    def build(self, inputs_shape):
        if inputs_shape[-1] is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Expected inputs.shape[-1] to be known, "
                f"received shape: {inputs_shape}"
            )
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)

        input_depth = inputs_shape[-1]
        self._kernel = self.add_weight(
            _WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[input_depth + self._num_units, self._num_units],
        )
        self._bias = self.add_weight(
            _BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[self._num_units],
            initializer=tf.compat.v1.zeros_initializer(dtype=self.dtype),
        )

        self.built = True

    def call(self, inputs, state):
        """Most basic RNN: output = new_state = act(W * input + U * state +
        B)."""
        _check_rnn_cell_input_dtypes([inputs, state])
        gate_inputs = tf.matmul(tf.concat([inputs, state], 1), self._kernel)
        gate_inputs = tf.nn.bias_add(gate_inputs, self._bias)
        output = self._activation(gate_inputs)
        return output, output

    def get_config(self):
        config = {
            "num_units": self._num_units,
            "activation": activations.serialize(self._activation),
            "reuse": self._reuse,
        }
        base_config = super().get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.GRUCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell"])
class GRUCell(LayerRNNCell):
    """Gated Recurrent Unit cell.

    Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. Please use
    `tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNGRU` for better performance on GPU, or
    `tf.raw_ops.GRUBlockCell` for better performance on CPU.

    Args:
      num_units: int, The number of units in the GRU cell.
      activation: Nonlinearity to use.  Default: `tanh`.
      reuse: (optional) Python boolean describing whether to reuse variables in
        an existing scope. If not `True`, and the existing scope already has
        the given variables, an error is raised.
      kernel_initializer: (optional) The initializer to use for the weight and
        projection matrices.
      bias_initializer: (optional) The initializer to use for the bias.
      name: String, the name of the layer. Layers with the same name will share
        weights, but to avoid mistakes we require reuse=True in such cases.
      dtype: Default dtype of the layer (default of `None` means use the type of
        the first input). Required when `build` is called before `call`.
      **kwargs: Dict, keyword named properties for common layer attributes, like
        `trainable` etc when constructing the cell from configs of get_config().
        References: Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder Decoder
        for Statistical Machine Translation: [Cho et al., 2014]
        (https://aclanthology.coli.uni-saarland.de/papers/D14-1179/d14-1179)
        ([pdf](http://emnlp2014.org/papers/pdf/EMNLP2014179.pdf))
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_units,
        activation=None,
        reuse=None,
        kernel_initializer=None,
        bias_initializer=None,
        name=None,
        dtype=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        warnings.warn(
            "`tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell` is deprecated and will be removed "
            "in a future version. This class "
            "is equivalent as `tf.keras.layers.GRUCell`, "
            "and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0.",
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        super().__init__(_reuse=reuse, name=name, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)

        if tf.executing_eagerly() and tf.config.list_logical_devices("GPU"):
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. "
                "Please use tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNGRU for better "
                "performance on GPU.",
                self,
            )
        # Inputs must be 2-dimensional.
        self.input_spec = input_spec.InputSpec(ndim=2)

        self._num_units = num_units
        if activation:
            self._activation = activations.get(activation)
        else:
            self._activation = tf.tanh
        self._kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
        self._bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        return self._num_units

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        return self._num_units

    @tf_utils.shape_type_conversion
    def build(self, inputs_shape):
        if inputs_shape[-1] is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Expected inputs.shape[-1] to be known, "
                f"received shape: {inputs_shape}"
            )
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        input_depth = inputs_shape[-1]
        self._gate_kernel = self.add_weight(
            f"gates/{_WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME}",
            shape=[input_depth + self._num_units, 2 * self._num_units],
            initializer=self._kernel_initializer,
        )
        self._gate_bias = self.add_weight(
            f"gates/{_BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME}",
            shape=[2 * self._num_units],
            initializer=(
                self._bias_initializer
                if self._bias_initializer is not None
                else tf.compat.v1.constant_initializer(1.0, dtype=self.dtype)
            ),
        )
        self._candidate_kernel = self.add_weight(
            f"candidate/{_WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME}",
            shape=[input_depth + self._num_units, self._num_units],
            initializer=self._kernel_initializer,
        )
        self._candidate_bias = self.add_weight(
            f"candidate/{_BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME}",
            shape=[self._num_units],
            initializer=(
                self._bias_initializer
                if self._bias_initializer is not None
                else tf.compat.v1.zeros_initializer(dtype=self.dtype)
            ),
        )

        self.built = True

    def call(self, inputs, state):
        """Gated recurrent unit (GRU) with nunits cells."""
        _check_rnn_cell_input_dtypes([inputs, state])

        gate_inputs = tf.matmul(
            tf.concat([inputs, state], 1), self._gate_kernel
        )
        gate_inputs = tf.nn.bias_add(gate_inputs, self._gate_bias)

        value = tf.sigmoid(gate_inputs)
        r, u = tf.split(value=value, num_or_size_splits=2, axis=1)

        r_state = r * state

        candidate = tf.matmul(
            tf.concat([inputs, r_state], 1), self._candidate_kernel
        )
        candidate = tf.nn.bias_add(candidate, self._candidate_bias)

        c = self._activation(candidate)
        new_h = u * state + (1 - u) * c
        return new_h, new_h

    def get_config(self):
        config = {
            "num_units": self._num_units,
            "kernel_initializer": initializers.serialize(
                self._kernel_initializer
            ),
            "bias_initializer": initializers.serialize(self._bias_initializer),
            "activation": activations.serialize(self._activation),
            "reuse": self._reuse,
        }
        base_config = super().get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


_LSTMStateTuple = collections.namedtuple("LSTMStateTuple", ("c", "h"))


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.LSTMStateTuple"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.LSTMStateTuple"])
class LSTMStateTuple(_LSTMStateTuple):
    """Tuple used by LSTM Cells for `state_size`, `zero_state`, & output state.

    Stores two elements: `(c, h)`, in that order. Where `c` is the hidden state
    and `h` is the output.

    Only used when `state_is_tuple=True`.
    """

    __slots__ = ()

    @property
    def dtype(self):
        (c, h) = self
        if c.dtype != h.dtype:
            raise TypeError(
                "Inconsistent dtypes for internal state: "
                f"{c.dtype} vs {h.dtype}"
            )
        return c.dtype


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell"])
class BasicLSTMCell(LayerRNNCell):
    """DEPRECATED: Please use `tf.compat.v1.nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell` instead.

    Basic LSTM recurrent network cell.

    The implementation is based on

    We add forget_bias (default: 1) to the biases of the forget gate in order to
    reduce the scale of forgetting in the beginning of the training.

    It does not allow cell clipping, a projection layer, and does not
    use peep-hole connections: it is the basic baseline.

    For advanced models, please use the full `tf.compat.v1.nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell`
    that follows.

    Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. Please use
    `tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNLSTM` for better performance on GPU, or
    `tf.raw_ops.LSTMBlockCell` for better performance on CPU.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_units,
        forget_bias=1.0,
        state_is_tuple=True,
        activation=None,
        reuse=None,
        name=None,
        dtype=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """Initialize the basic LSTM cell.

        Args:
          num_units: int, The number of units in the LSTM cell.
          forget_bias: float, The bias added to forget gates (see above). Must
            set to `0.0` manually when restoring from CudnnLSTM-trained
            checkpoints.
          state_is_tuple: If True, accepted and returned states are 2-tuples of
            the `c_state` and `m_state`.  If False, they are concatenated along
            the column axis.  The latter behavior will soon be deprecated.
          activation: Activation function of the inner states.  Default: `tanh`.
            It could also be string that is within Keras activation function
            names.
          reuse: (optional) Python boolean describing whether to reuse variables
            in an existing scope.  If not `True`, and the existing scope already
            has the given variables, an error is raised.
          name: String, the name of the layer. Layers with the same name will
            share weights, but to avoid mistakes we require reuse=True in such
            cases.
          dtype: Default dtype of the layer (default of `None` means use the
            type of the first input). Required when `build` is called before
            `call`.
          **kwargs: Dict, keyword named properties for common layer attributes,
            like `trainable` etc when constructing the cell from configs of
            get_config().  When restoring from CudnnLSTM-trained checkpoints,
            must use `CudnnCompatibleLSTMCell` instead.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            "`tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell` is deprecated and will be "
            "removed in a future version. This class "
            "is equivalent as `tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell`, "
            "and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0.",
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        super().__init__(_reuse=reuse, name=name, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        if not state_is_tuple:
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Using a concatenated state is slower and will soon be "
                "deprecated.  Use state_is_tuple=True.",
                self,
            )
        if tf.executing_eagerly() and tf.config.list_logical_devices("GPU"):
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. "
                "Please use tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNLSTM for better "
                "performance on GPU.",
                self,
            )

        # Inputs must be 2-dimensional.
        self.input_spec = input_spec.InputSpec(ndim=2)

        self._num_units = num_units
        self._forget_bias = forget_bias
        self._state_is_tuple = state_is_tuple
        if activation:
            self._activation = activations.get(activation)
        else:
            self._activation = tf.tanh

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        return (
            LSTMStateTuple(self._num_units, self._num_units)
            if self._state_is_tuple
            else 2 * self._num_units
        )

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        return self._num_units

    @tf_utils.shape_type_conversion
    def build(self, inputs_shape):
        if inputs_shape[-1] is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Expected inputs.shape[-1] to be known, "
                f"received shape: {inputs_shape}"
            )
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        input_depth = inputs_shape[-1]
        h_depth = self._num_units
        self._kernel = self.add_weight(
            _WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[input_depth + h_depth, 4 * self._num_units],
        )
        self._bias = self.add_weight(
            _BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[4 * self._num_units],
            initializer=tf.compat.v1.zeros_initializer(dtype=self.dtype),
        )

        self.built = True

    def call(self, inputs, state):
        """Long short-term memory cell (LSTM).

        Args:
          inputs: `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, input_size]`.
          state: An `LSTMStateTuple` of state tensors, each shaped `[batch_size,
            num_units]`, if `state_is_tuple` has been set to `True`.  Otherwise,
            a `Tensor` shaped `[batch_size, 2 * num_units]`.

        Returns:
          A pair containing the new hidden state, and the new state (either a
            `LSTMStateTuple` or a concatenated state, depending on
            `state_is_tuple`).
        """
        _check_rnn_cell_input_dtypes([inputs, state])

        sigmoid = tf.sigmoid
        one = tf.constant(1, dtype=tf.int32)
        # Parameters of gates are concatenated into one multiply for efficiency.
        if self._state_is_tuple:
            c, h = state
        else:
            c, h = tf.split(value=state, num_or_size_splits=2, axis=one)

        gate_inputs = tf.matmul(tf.concat([inputs, h], 1), self._kernel)
        gate_inputs = tf.nn.bias_add(gate_inputs, self._bias)

        # i = input_gate, j = new_input, f = forget_gate, o = output_gate
        i, j, f, o = tf.split(value=gate_inputs, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=one)

        forget_bias_tensor = tf.constant(self._forget_bias, dtype=f.dtype)
        # Note that using `add` and `multiply` instead of `+` and `*` gives a
        # performance improvement. So using those at the cost of readability.
        add = tf.add
        multiply = tf.multiply
        new_c = add(
            multiply(c, sigmoid(add(f, forget_bias_tensor))),
            multiply(sigmoid(i), self._activation(j)),
        )
        new_h = multiply(self._activation(new_c), sigmoid(o))

        if self._state_is_tuple:
            new_state = LSTMStateTuple(new_c, new_h)
        else:
            new_state = tf.concat([new_c, new_h], 1)
        return new_h, new_state

    def get_config(self):
        config = {
            "num_units": self._num_units,
            "forget_bias": self._forget_bias,
            "state_is_tuple": self._state_is_tuple,
            "activation": activations.serialize(self._activation),
            "reuse": self._reuse,
        }
        base_config = super().get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.LSTMCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell"])
class LSTMCell(LayerRNNCell):
    """Long short-term memory unit (LSTM) recurrent network cell.

    The default non-peephole implementation is based on (Gers et al., 1999).
    The peephole implementation is based on (Sak et al., 2014).

    The class uses optional peep-hole connections, optional cell clipping, and
    an optional projection layer.

    Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. Please use
    `tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNLSTM` for better performance on GPU, or
    `tf.raw_ops.LSTMBlockCell` for better performance on CPU.
    References:
      Long short-term memory recurrent neural network architectures for large
      scale acoustic modeling:
        [Sak et al., 2014]
        (https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/interspeech_2014/i14_0338.html)
        ([pdf]
        (https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/archive_papers/interspeech_2014/i14_0338.pdf))
      Learning to forget:
        [Gers et al., 1999]
        (http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_19991218)
        ([pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.2329.pdf))
      Long Short-Term Memory:
        [Hochreiter et al., 1997]
        (https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735)
        ([pdf](http://ml.jku.at/publications/older/3504.pdf))
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_units,
        use_peepholes=False,
        cell_clip=None,
        initializer=None,
        num_proj=None,
        proj_clip=None,
        num_unit_shards=None,
        num_proj_shards=None,
        forget_bias=1.0,
        state_is_tuple=True,
        activation=None,
        reuse=None,
        name=None,
        dtype=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """Initialize the parameters for an LSTM cell.

        Args:
          num_units: int, The number of units in the LSTM cell.
          use_peepholes: bool, set True to enable diagonal/peephole connections.
          cell_clip: (optional) A float value, if provided the cell state is
            clipped by this value prior to the cell output activation.
          initializer: (optional) The initializer to use for the weight and
            projection matrices.
          num_proj: (optional) int, The output dimensionality for the projection
            matrices.  If None, no projection is performed.
          proj_clip: (optional) A float value.  If `num_proj > 0` and
            `proj_clip` is provided, then the projected values are clipped
            elementwise to within `[-proj_clip, proj_clip]`.
          num_unit_shards: Deprecated, will be removed by Jan. 2017. Use a
            variable_scope partitioner instead.
          num_proj_shards: Deprecated, will be removed by Jan. 2017. Use a
            variable_scope partitioner instead.
          forget_bias: Biases of the forget gate are initialized by default to 1
            in order to reduce the scale of forgetting at the beginning of the
            training. Must set it manually to `0.0` when restoring from
            CudnnLSTM trained checkpoints.
          state_is_tuple: If True, accepted and returned states are 2-tuples of
            the `c_state` and `m_state`.  If False, they are concatenated along
            the column axis.  This latter behavior will soon be deprecated.
          activation: Activation function of the inner states.  Default: `tanh`.
            It could also be string that is within Keras activation function
            names.
          reuse: (optional) Python boolean describing whether to reuse variables
            in an existing scope.  If not `True`, and the existing scope already
            has the given variables, an error is raised.
          name: String, the name of the layer. Layers with the same name will
            share weights, but to avoid mistakes we require reuse=True in such
            cases.
          dtype: Default dtype of the layer (default of `None` means use the
            type of the first input). Required when `build` is called before
            `call`.
          **kwargs: Dict, keyword named properties for common layer attributes,
            like `trainable` etc when constructing the cell from configs of
            get_config().  When restoring from CudnnLSTM-trained checkpoints,
            use `CudnnCompatibleLSTMCell` instead.
        """
        warnings.warn(
            "`tf.nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell` is deprecated and will be "
            "removed in a future version. This class "
            "is equivalent as `tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell`, "
            "and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0.",
            stacklevel=2,
        )
        super().__init__(_reuse=reuse, name=name, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        if not state_is_tuple:
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Using a concatenated state is slower and will soon be "
                "deprecated.  Use state_is_tuple=True.",
                self,
            )
        if num_unit_shards is not None or num_proj_shards is not None:
            logging.warning(
                "%s: The num_unit_shards and proj_unit_shards parameters are "
                "deprecated and will be removed in Jan 2017.  "
                "Use a variable scope with a partitioner instead.",
                self,
            )
        if tf.executing_eagerly() and tf.config.list_logical_devices("GPU"):
            logging.warning(
                "%s: Note that this cell is not optimized for performance. "
                "Please use tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.CuDNNLSTM for better "
                "performance on GPU.",
                self,
            )

        # Inputs must be 2-dimensional.
        self.input_spec = input_spec.InputSpec(ndim=2)

        self._num_units = num_units
        self._use_peepholes = use_peepholes
        self._cell_clip = cell_clip
        self._initializer = initializers.get(initializer)
        self._num_proj = num_proj
        self._proj_clip = proj_clip
        self._num_unit_shards = num_unit_shards
        self._num_proj_shards = num_proj_shards
        self._forget_bias = forget_bias
        self._state_is_tuple = state_is_tuple
        if activation:
            self._activation = activations.get(activation)
        else:
            self._activation = tf.tanh

        if num_proj:
            self._state_size = (
                LSTMStateTuple(num_units, num_proj)
                if state_is_tuple
                else num_units + num_proj
            )
            self._output_size = num_proj
        else:
            self._state_size = (
                LSTMStateTuple(num_units, num_units)
                if state_is_tuple
                else 2 * num_units
            )
            self._output_size = num_units

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        return self._state_size

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        return self._output_size

    @tf_utils.shape_type_conversion
    def build(self, inputs_shape):
        if inputs_shape[-1] is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Expected inputs.shape[-1] to be known, "
                f"received shape: {inputs_shape}"
            )
        _check_supported_dtypes(self.dtype)
        input_depth = inputs_shape[-1]
        h_depth = self._num_units if self._num_proj is None else self._num_proj
        maybe_partitioner = (
            tf.compat.v1.fixed_size_partitioner(self._num_unit_shards)
            if self._num_unit_shards is not None
            else None
        )
        self._kernel = self.add_weight(
            _WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[input_depth + h_depth, 4 * self._num_units],
            initializer=self._initializer,
            partitioner=maybe_partitioner,
        )
        if self.dtype is None:
            initializer = tf.compat.v1.zeros_initializer
        else:
            initializer = tf.compat.v1.zeros_initializer(dtype=self.dtype)
        self._bias = self.add_weight(
            _BIAS_VARIABLE_NAME,
            shape=[4 * self._num_units],
            initializer=initializer,
        )
        if self._use_peepholes:
            self._w_f_diag = self.add_weight(
                "w_f_diag",
                shape=[self._num_units],
                initializer=self._initializer,
            )
            self._w_i_diag = self.add_weight(
                "w_i_diag",
                shape=[self._num_units],
                initializer=self._initializer,
            )
            self._w_o_diag = self.add_weight(
                "w_o_diag",
                shape=[self._num_units],
                initializer=self._initializer,
            )

        if self._num_proj is not None:
            maybe_proj_partitioner = (
                tf.compat.v1.fixed_size_partitioner(self._num_proj_shards)
                if self._num_proj_shards is not None
                else None
            )
            self._proj_kernel = self.add_weight(
                f"projection/{_WEIGHTS_VARIABLE_NAME}",
                shape=[self._num_units, self._num_proj],
                initializer=self._initializer,
                partitioner=maybe_proj_partitioner,
            )

        self.built = True

    def call(self, inputs, state):
        """Run one step of LSTM.

        Args:
          inputs: input Tensor, must be 2-D, `[batch, input_size]`.
          state: if `state_is_tuple` is False, this must be a state Tensor,
            `2-D, [batch, state_size]`.  If `state_is_tuple` is True, this must
            be a tuple of state Tensors, both `2-D`, with column sizes `c_state`
            and `m_state`.

        Returns:
          A tuple containing:

          - A `2-D, [batch, output_dim]`, Tensor representing the output of the
            LSTM after reading `inputs` when previous state was `state`.
            Here output_dim is:
               num_proj if num_proj was set,
               num_units otherwise.
          - Tensor(s) representing the new state of LSTM after reading `inputs`
            when the previous state was `state`.  Same type and shape(s) as
            `state`.

        Raises:
          ValueError: If input size cannot be inferred from inputs via
            static shape inference.
        """
        _check_rnn_cell_input_dtypes([inputs, state])

        num_proj = self._num_units if self._num_proj is None else self._num_proj
        sigmoid = tf.sigmoid

        if self._state_is_tuple:
            (c_prev, m_prev) = state
        else:
            c_prev = tf.slice(state, [0, 0], [-1, self._num_units])
            m_prev = tf.slice(state, [0, self._num_units], [-1, num_proj])

        input_size = inputs.get_shape().with_rank(2).dims[1].value
        if input_size is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Could not infer input size from inputs.get_shape()[-1]."
                f"Received input shape: {inputs.get_shape()}"
            )

        # i = input_gate, j = new_input, f = forget_gate, o = output_gate
        lstm_matrix = tf.matmul(tf.concat([inputs, m_prev], 1), self._kernel)
        lstm_matrix = tf.nn.bias_add(lstm_matrix, self._bias)

        i, j, f, o = tf.split(value=lstm_matrix, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=1)
        # Diagonal connections
        if self._use_peepholes:
            c = sigmoid(
                f + self._forget_bias + self._w_f_diag * c_prev
            ) * c_prev + sigmoid(
                i + self._w_i_diag * c_prev
            ) * self._activation(
                j
            )
        else:
            c = sigmoid(f + self._forget_bias) * c_prev + sigmoid(
                i
            ) * self._activation(j)

        if self._cell_clip is not None:

            c = tf.clip_by_value(c, -self._cell_clip, self._cell_clip)

        if self._use_peepholes:
            m = sigmoid(o + self._w_o_diag * c) * self._activation(c)
        else:
            m = sigmoid(o) * self._activation(c)

        if self._num_proj is not None:
            m = tf.matmul(m, self._proj_kernel)

            if self._proj_clip is not None:

                m = tf.clip_by_value(m, -self._proj_clip, self._proj_clip)

        new_state = (
            LSTMStateTuple(c, m)
            if self._state_is_tuple
            else tf.concat([c, m], 1)
        )
        return m, new_state

    def get_config(self):
        config = {
            "num_units": self._num_units,
            "use_peepholes": self._use_peepholes,
            "cell_clip": self._cell_clip,
            "initializer": initializers.serialize(self._initializer),
            "num_proj": self._num_proj,
            "proj_clip": self._proj_clip,
            "num_unit_shards": self._num_unit_shards,
            "num_proj_shards": self._num_proj_shards,
            "forget_bias": self._forget_bias,
            "state_is_tuple": self._state_is_tuple,
            "activation": activations.serialize(self._activation),
            "reuse": self._reuse,
        }
        base_config = super().get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


@keras_export(v1=["keras.__internal__.legacy.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell"])
@tf_export(v1=["nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell"])
class MultiRNNCell(RNNCell):
    """RNN cell composed sequentially of multiple simple cells.

    Example:

    ```python
    num_units = [128, 64]
    cells = [BasicLSTMCell(num_units=n) for n in num_units]
    stacked_rnn_cell = MultiRNNCell(cells)
    ```
    """

    def __init__(self, cells, state_is_tuple=True):
        """Create a RNN cell composed sequentially of a number of RNNCells.

        Args:
          cells: list of RNNCells that will be composed in this order.
          state_is_tuple: If True, accepted and returned states are n-tuples,
            where `n = len(cells)`.  If False, the states are all concatenated
            along the column axis.  This latter behavior will soon be
            deprecated.

        Raises:
          ValueError: if cells is empty (not allowed), or at least one of the
            cells returns a state tuple but the flag `state_is_tuple` is
            `False`.
        """
        logging.warning(
            "`tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell` is deprecated. This class "
            "is equivalent as `tf.keras.layers.StackedRNNCells`, "
            "and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0."
        )
        super().__init__()
        if not cells:
            raise ValueError("Must specify at least one cell for MultiRNNCell.")
        if not tf.nest.is_nested(cells):
            raise TypeError(
                f"cells must be a list or tuple, but received: {cells}."
            )

        if len(set(id(cell) for cell in cells)) < len(cells):
            logging.log_first_n(
                logging.WARN,
                "At least two cells provided to MultiRNNCell "
                "are the same object and will share weights.",
                1,
            )

        self._cells = cells
        for cell_number, cell in enumerate(self._cells):
            # Add Trackable dependencies on these cells so their variables get
            # saved with this object when using object-based saving.
            if isinstance(cell, tf.__internal__.tracking.Trackable):
                # TODO(allenl): Track down non-Trackable callers.
                self._track_trackable(cell, name="cell-%d" % (cell_number,))
        self._state_is_tuple = state_is_tuple
        if not state_is_tuple:
            if any(tf.nest.is_nested(c.state_size) for c in self._cells):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Some cells return tuples of states, but the flag "
                    "state_is_tuple is not set. "
                    f"State sizes are: {[c.state_size for c in self._cells]}"
                )

    @property
    def state_size(self):
        if self._state_is_tuple:
            return tuple(cell.state_size for cell in self._cells)
        else:
            return sum(cell.state_size for cell in self._cells)

    @property
    def output_size(self):
        return self._cells[-1].output_size

    def zero_state(self, batch_size, dtype):
        with backend.name_scope(type(self).__name__ + "ZeroState"):
            if self._state_is_tuple:
                return tuple(
                    cell.zero_state(batch_size, dtype) for cell in self._cells
                )
            else:
                # We know here that state_size of each cell is not a tuple and
                # presumably does not contain TensorArrays or anything else
                # fancy
                return super().zero_state(batch_size, dtype)

    @property
    def trainable_weights(self):
        if not self.trainable:
            return []
        weights = []
        for cell in self._cells:
            if isinstance(cell, base_layer.Layer):
                weights += cell.trainable_weights
        return weights

    @property
    def non_trainable_weights(self):
        weights = []
        for cell in self._cells:
            if isinstance(cell, base_layer.Layer):
                weights += cell.non_trainable_weights
        if not self.trainable:
            trainable_weights = []
            for cell in self._cells:
                if isinstance(cell, base_layer.Layer):
                    trainable_weights += cell.trainable_weights
            return trainable_weights + weights
        return weights

    def call(self, inputs, state):
        """Run this multi-layer cell on inputs, starting from state."""
        cur_state_pos = 0
        cur_inp = inputs
        new_states = []
        for i, cell in enumerate(self._cells):
            with tf.compat.v1.variable_scope("cell_%d" % i):
                if self._state_is_tuple:
                    if not tf.nest.is_nested(state):
                        raise ValueError(
                            "Expected state to be a tuple of length "
                            f"{len(self.state_size)}"
                            f", but received: {state}"
                        )
                    cur_state = state[i]
                else:
                    cur_state = tf.slice(
                        state, [0, cur_state_pos], [-1, cell.state_size]
                    )
                    cur_state_pos += cell.state_size
                cur_inp, new_state = cell(cur_inp, cur_state)
                new_states.append(new_state)

        new_states = (
            tuple(new_states)
            if self._state_is_tuple
            else tf.concat(new_states, 1)
        )

        return cur_inp, new_states


def _check_rnn_cell_input_dtypes(inputs):
    """Check whether the input tensors are with supported dtypes.

    Default RNN cells only support floats and complex as its dtypes since the
    activation function (tanh and sigmoid) only allow those types. This function
    will throw a proper error message if the inputs is not in a supported type.

    Args:
      inputs: tensor or nested structure of tensors that are feed to RNN cell as
        input or state.

    Raises:
      ValueError: if any of the input tensor are not having dtypes of float or
        complex.
    """
    for t in tf.nest.flatten(inputs):
        _check_supported_dtypes(t.dtype)


def _check_supported_dtypes(dtype):
    if dtype is None:
        return
    dtype = tf.as_dtype(dtype)
    if not (dtype.is_floating or dtype.is_complex):
        raise ValueError(
            "RNN cell only supports floating point inputs, "
            f"but received dtype: {dtype}"
        )

