"""
The PythonInfo contains information about a concrete instance of a Python interpreter.

Note: this file is also used to query target interpreters, so can only use standard library methods
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import os
import platform
import re
import struct
import sys
import sysconfig
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple
from string import digits

VersionInfo = namedtuple("VersionInfo", ["major", "minor", "micro", "releaselevel", "serial"])  # noqa: PYI024
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def _get_path_extensions():
    return list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(["", *os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").lower().split(os.pathsep)]))


EXTENSIONS = _get_path_extensions()
_CONF_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"\{\w+}")


class PythonInfo:  # noqa: PLR0904
    """Contains information for a Python interpreter."""

    def __init__(self) -> None:  # noqa: PLR0915
        def abs_path(v):
            return None if v is None else os.path.abspath(v)  # unroll relative elements from path (e.g. ..)

        # qualifies the python
        self.platform = sys.platform
        self.implementation = platform.python_implementation()
        if self.implementation == "PyPy":
            self.pypy_version_info = tuple(sys.pypy_version_info)

        # this is a tuple in earlier, struct later, unify to our own named tuple
        self.version_info = VersionInfo(*sys.version_info)
        # Use the same implementation as found in stdlib platform.architecture
        # to account for platforms where the maximum integer is not equal the
        # pointer size.
        self.architecture = 32 if struct.calcsize("P") == 4 else 64  # noqa: PLR2004

        # Used to determine some file names.
        # See `CPython3Windows.python_zip()`.
        self.version_nodot = sysconfig.get_config_var("py_version_nodot")

        self.version = sys.version
        self.os = os.name
        self.free_threaded = sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED") == 1

        # information about the prefix - determines python home
        self.prefix = abs_path(getattr(sys, "prefix", None))  # prefix we think
        self.base_prefix = abs_path(getattr(sys, "base_prefix", None))  # venv
        self.real_prefix = abs_path(getattr(sys, "real_prefix", None))  # old virtualenv

        # information about the exec prefix - dynamic stdlib modules
        self.base_exec_prefix = abs_path(getattr(sys, "base_exec_prefix", None))
        self.exec_prefix = abs_path(getattr(sys, "exec_prefix", None))

        self.executable = abs_path(sys.executable)  # the executable we were invoked via
        self.original_executable = abs_path(self.executable)  # the executable as known by the interpreter
        self.system_executable = self._fast_get_system_executable()  # the executable we are based of (if available)

        try:
            __import__("venv")
            has = True
        except ImportError:
            has = False
        self.has_venv = has
        self.path = sys.path
        self.file_system_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
        self.stdout_encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, "encoding", None)

        scheme_names = sysconfig.get_scheme_names()

        if "venv" in scheme_names:
            self.sysconfig_scheme = "venv"
            self.sysconfig_paths = {
                i: sysconfig.get_path(i, expand=False, scheme=self.sysconfig_scheme) for i in sysconfig.get_path_names()
            }
            # we cannot use distutils at all if "venv" exists, distutils don't know it
            self.distutils_install = {}
        # debian / ubuntu python 3.10 without `python3-distutils` will report
        # mangled `local/bin` / etc. names for the default prefix
        # intentionally select `posix_prefix` which is the unaltered posix-like paths
        elif sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 10) and "deb_system" in scheme_names:
            self.sysconfig_scheme = "posix_prefix"
            self.sysconfig_paths = {
                i: sysconfig.get_path(i, expand=False, scheme=self.sysconfig_scheme) for i in sysconfig.get_path_names()
            }
            # we cannot use distutils at all if "venv" exists, distutils don't know it
            self.distutils_install = {}
        else:
            self.sysconfig_scheme = None
            self.sysconfig_paths = {i: sysconfig.get_path(i, expand=False) for i in sysconfig.get_path_names()}
            self.distutils_install = self._distutils_install().copy()

        # https://bugs.python.org/issue22199
        makefile = getattr(sysconfig, "get_makefile_filename", getattr(sysconfig, "_get_makefile_filename", None))
        self.sysconfig = {
            k: v
            for k, v in [
                # a list of content to store from sysconfig
                ("makefile_filename", makefile()),
            ]
            if k is not None
        }

        config_var_keys = set()
        for element in self.sysconfig_paths.values():
            config_var_keys.update(k[1:-1] for k in _CONF_VAR_RE.findall(element))
        config_var_keys.add("PYTHONFRAMEWORK")

        self.sysconfig_vars = {i: sysconfig.get_config_var(i or "") for i in config_var_keys}

        if "TCL_LIBRARY" in os.environ:
            self.tcl_lib, self.tk_lib = self._get_tcl_tk_libs()
        else:
            self.tcl_lib, self.tk_lib = None, None

        confs = {
            k: (self.system_prefix if v is not None and v.startswith(self.prefix) else v)
            for k, v in self.sysconfig_vars.items()
        }
        self.system_stdlib = self.sysconfig_path("stdlib", confs)
        self.system_stdlib_platform = self.sysconfig_path("platstdlib", confs)
        self.max_size = getattr(sys, "maxsize", getattr(sys, "maxint", None))
        self._creators = None

    @staticmethod
    def _get_tcl_tk_libs():
        """
        Detects the tcl and tk libraries using tkinter.

        This works reliably but spins up tkinter, which is heavy if you don't need it.
        """
        tcl_lib, tk_lib = None, None
        try:
            import tkinter as tk  # noqa: PLC0415
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            try:
                tcl = tk.Tcl()
                tcl_lib = tcl.eval("info library")

                # Try to get TK library path directly first
                try:
                    tk_lib = tcl.eval("set tk_library")
                    if tk_lib and os.path.isdir(tk_lib):
                        pass  # We found it directly
                    else:
                        tk_lib = None  # Reset if invalid
                except tk.TclError:
                    tk_lib = None

                # If direct query failed, try constructing the path
                if tk_lib is None:
                    tk_version = tcl.eval("package require Tk")
                    tcl_parent = os.path.dirname(tcl_lib)

                    # Try different version formats
                    version_variants = [
                        tk_version,  # Full version like "8.6.12"
                        ".".join(tk_version.split(".")[:2]),  # Major.minor like "8.6"
                        tk_version.split(".")[0],  # Just major like "8"
                    ]

                    for version in version_variants:
                        tk_lib_path = os.path.join(tcl_parent, f"tk{version}")
                        if not os.path.isdir(tk_lib_path):
                            continue
                        # Validate it's actually a TK directory
                        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(tk_lib_path, "tk.tcl")):
                            tk_lib = tk_lib_path
                            break

            except tk.TclError:
                pass

        return tcl_lib, tk_lib

    def _fast_get_system_executable(self):
        """Try to get the system executable by just looking at properties."""
        # if we're not in a virtual environment, this is already a system python, so return the original executable
        # note we must choose the original and not the pure executable as shim scripts might throw us off
        if not (self.real_prefix or (self.base_prefix is not None and self.base_prefix != self.prefix)):
            return self.original_executable

        # if this is NOT a virtual environment, can't determine easily, bail out
        if self.real_prefix is not None:
            return None

        base_executable = getattr(sys, "_base_executable", None)  # some platforms may set this to help us
        if base_executable is None:  # use the saved system executable if present
            return None

        # we know we're in a virtual environment, can not be us
        if sys.executable == base_executable:
            return None

        # We're not in a venv and base_executable exists; use it directly
        if os.path.exists(base_executable):
            return base_executable

        # Try fallback for POSIX virtual environments
        return self._try_posix_fallback_executable(base_executable)

    def _try_posix_fallback_executable(self, base_executable):
        """
        Try to find a versioned Python binary as fallback for POSIX virtual environments.

        Python may return "python" because it was invoked from the POSIX virtual environment
        however some installs/distributions do not provide a version-less "python" binary in
        the system install location (see PEP 394) so try to fallback to a versioned binary.

        Gate this to Python 3.11 as `sys._base_executable` path resolution is now relative to
        the 'home' key from pyvenv.cfg which often points to the system install location.
        """
        major, minor = self.version_info.major, self.version_info.minor
        if self.os != "posix" or (major, minor) < (3, 11):
            return None

        # search relative to the directory of sys._base_executable
        base_dir = os.path.dirname(base_executable)
        candidates = [f"python{major}", f"python{major}.{minor}"]
        if self.implementation == "PyPy":
            candidates.extend(["pypy", "pypy3", f"pypy{major}", f"pypy{major}.{minor}"])

        for candidate in candidates:
            full_path = os.path.join(base_dir, candidate)
            if os.path.exists(full_path):
                return full_path

        return None  # in this case we just can't tell easily without poking around FS and calling them, bail

    def install_path(self, key):
        result = self.distutils_install.get(key)
        if result is None:  # use sysconfig if sysconfig_scheme is set or distutils is unavailable
            # set prefixes to empty => result is relative from cwd
            prefixes = self.prefix, self.exec_prefix, self.base_prefix, self.base_exec_prefix
            config_var = {k: "" if v in prefixes else v for k, v in self.sysconfig_vars.items()}
            result = self.sysconfig_path(key, config_var=config_var).lstrip(os.sep)
        return result

    @staticmethod
    def _distutils_install():
        # use distutils primarily because that's what pip does
        # https://github.com/pypa/pip/blob/main/src/pip/_internal/locations.py#L95
        # note here we don't import Distribution directly to allow setuptools to patch it
        with warnings.catch_warnings():  # disable warning for PEP-632
            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
            try:
                from distutils import dist  # noqa: PLC0415
                from distutils.command.install import SCHEME_KEYS  # noqa: PLC0415
            except ImportError:  # if removed or not installed ignore
                return {}

        d = dist.Distribution({"script_args": "--no-user-cfg"})  # conf files not parsed so they do not hijack paths
        if hasattr(sys, "_framework"):
            sys._framework = None  # disable macOS static paths for framework  # noqa: SLF001

        with warnings.catch_warnings():  # disable warning for PEP-632
            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
            i = d.get_command_obj("install", create=True)

        i.prefix = os.sep  # paths generated are relative to prefix that contains the path sep, this makes it relative
        i.finalize_options()
        return {key: (getattr(i, f"install_{key}")[1:]).lstrip(os.sep) for key in SCHEME_KEYS}

    @property
    def version_str(self):
        return ".".join(str(i) for i in self.version_info[0:3])

    @property
    def version_release_str(self):
        return ".".join(str(i) for i in self.version_info[0:2])

    @property
    def python_name(self):
        version_info = self.version_info
        return f"python{version_info.major}.{version_info.minor}"

    @property
    def is_old_virtualenv(self):
        return self.real_prefix is not None

    @property
    def is_venv(self):
        return self.base_prefix is not None

    def sysconfig_path(self, key, config_var=None, sep=os.sep):
        pattern = self.sysconfig_paths.get(key)
        if pattern is None:
            return ""
        if config_var is None:
            config_var = self.sysconfig_vars
        else:
            base = self.sysconfig_vars.copy()
            base.update(config_var)
            config_var = base
        return pattern.format(**config_var).replace("/", sep)

    def creators(self, refresh=False):  # noqa: FBT002
        if self._creators is None or refresh is True:
            from virtualenv.run.plugin.creators import CreatorSelector  # noqa: PLC0415

            self._creators = CreatorSelector.for_interpreter(self)
        return self._creators

    @property
    def system_include(self):
        path = self.sysconfig_path(
            "include",
            {
                k: (self.system_prefix if v is not None and v.startswith(self.prefix) else v)
                for k, v in self.sysconfig_vars.items()
            },
        )
        if not os.path.exists(path):  # some broken packaging don't respect the sysconfig, fallback to distutils path
            # the pattern include the distribution name too at the end, remove that via the parent call
            fallback = os.path.join(self.prefix, os.path.dirname(self.install_path("headers")))
            if os.path.exists(fallback):
                path = fallback
        return path

    @property
    def system_prefix(self):
        return self.real_prefix or self.base_prefix or self.prefix

    @property
    def system_exec_prefix(self):
        return self.real_prefix or self.base_exec_prefix or self.exec_prefix

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "{}({!r})".format(
            self.__class__.__name__,
            {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith("_")},
        )

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return "{}({})".format(
            self.__class__.__name__,
            ", ".join(
                f"{k}={v}"
                for k, v in (
                    ("spec", self.spec),
                    (
                        "system"
                        if self.system_executable is not None and self.system_executable != self.executable
                        else None,
                        self.system_executable,
                    ),
                    (
                        "original"
                        if self.original_executable not in {self.system_executable, self.executable}
                        else None,
                        self.original_executable,
                    ),
                    ("exe", self.executable),
                    ("platform", self.platform),
                    ("version", repr(self.version)),
                    ("encoding_fs_io", f"{self.file_system_encoding}-{self.stdout_encoding}"),
                )
                if k is not None
            ),
        )

    @property
    def spec(self):
        return "{}{}{}-{}".format(
            self.implementation,
            ".".join(str(i) for i in self.version_info),
            "t" if self.free_threaded else "",
            self.architecture,
        )

    @classmethod
    def clear_cache(cls, app_data):
        # this method is not used by itself, so here and called functions can import stuff locally
        from virtualenv.discovery.cached_py_info import clear  # noqa: PLC0415

        clear(app_data)
        cls._cache_exe_discovery.clear()

    def satisfies(self, spec, impl_must_match):  # noqa: C901, PLR0911
        """Check if a given specification can be satisfied by the this python interpreter instance."""
        if spec.path:
            if self.executable == os.path.abspath(spec.path):
                return True  # if the path is a our own executable path we're done
            if not spec.is_abs:
                # if path set, and is not our original executable name, this does not match
                basename = os.path.basename(self.original_executable)
                spec_path = spec.path
                if sys.platform == "win32":
                    basename, suffix = os.path.splitext(basename)
                    if spec_path.endswith(suffix):
                        spec_path = spec_path[: -len(suffix)]
                if basename != spec_path:
                    return False

        if (
            impl_must_match
            and spec.implementation is not None
            and spec.implementation.lower() != self.implementation.lower()
        ):
            return False

        if spec.architecture is not None and spec.architecture != self.architecture:
            return False

        if spec.free_threaded is not None and spec.free_threaded != self.free_threaded:
            return False

        for our, req in zip(self.version_info[0:3], (spec.major, spec.minor, spec.micro)):
            if req is not None and our is not None and our != req:
                return False
        return True

    _current_system = None
    _current = None

    @classmethod
    def current(cls, app_data=None):
        """
        This locates the current host interpreter information. This might be different than what we run into in case
        the host python has been upgraded from underneath us.
        """  # noqa: D205
        if cls._current is None:
            cls._current = cls.from_exe(sys.executable, app_data, raise_on_error=True, resolve_to_host=False)
        return cls._current

    @classmethod
    def current_system(cls, app_data=None) -> PythonInfo:
        """
        This locates the current host interpreter information. This might be different than what we run into in case
        the host python has been upgraded from underneath us.
        """  # noqa: D205
        if cls._current_system is None:
            cls._current_system = cls.from_exe(sys.executable, app_data, raise_on_error=True, resolve_to_host=True)
        return cls._current_system

    def _to_json(self):
        # don't save calculated paths, as these are non primitive types
        return json.dumps(self._to_dict(), indent=2)

    def _to_dict(self):
        data = {var: (getattr(self, var) if var != "_creators" else None) for var in vars(self)}

        data["version_info"] = data["version_info"]._asdict()  # namedtuple to dictionary
        return data

    @classmethod
    def from_exe(  # noqa: PLR0913
        cls,
        exe,
        app_data=None,
        raise_on_error=True,  # noqa: FBT002
        ignore_cache=False,  # noqa: FBT002
        resolve_to_host=True,  # noqa: FBT002
        env=None,
    ):
        """Given a path to an executable get the python information."""
        # this method is not used by itself, so here and called functions can import stuff locally
        from virtualenv.discovery.cached_py_info import from_exe  # noqa: PLC0415

        env = os.environ if env is None else env
        proposed = from_exe(cls, app_data, exe, env=env, raise_on_error=raise_on_error, ignore_cache=ignore_cache)

        if isinstance(proposed, PythonInfo) and resolve_to_host:
            try:
                proposed = proposed._resolve_to_system(app_data, proposed)  # noqa: SLF001
            except Exception as exception:
                if raise_on_error:
                    raise
                LOGGER.info("ignore %s due cannot resolve system due to %r", proposed.original_executable, exception)
                proposed = None
        return proposed

    @classmethod
    def _from_json(cls, payload):
        # the dictionary unroll here is to protect against pypy bug of interpreter crashing
        raw = json.loads(payload)
        return cls._from_dict(raw.copy())

    @classmethod
    def _from_dict(cls, data):
        data["version_info"] = VersionInfo(**data["version_info"])  # restore this to a named tuple structure
        result = cls()
        result.__dict__ = data.copy()
        return result

    @classmethod
    def _resolve_to_system(cls, app_data, target):
        start_executable = target.executable
        prefixes = OrderedDict()
        while target.system_executable is None:
            prefix = target.real_prefix or target.base_prefix or target.prefix
            if prefix in prefixes:
                if len(prefixes) == 1:
                    # if we're linking back to ourselves accept ourselves with a WARNING
                    LOGGER.info("%r links back to itself via prefixes", target)
                    target.system_executable = target.executable
                    break
                for at, (p, t) in enumerate(prefixes.items(), start=1):
                    LOGGER.error("%d: prefix=%s, info=%r", at, p, t)
                LOGGER.error("%d: prefix=%s, info=%r", len(prefixes) + 1, prefix, target)
                msg = "prefixes are causing a circle {}".format("|".join(prefixes.keys()))
                raise RuntimeError(msg)
            prefixes[prefix] = target
            target = target.discover_exe(app_data, prefix=prefix, exact=False)
        if target.executable != target.system_executable:
            target = cls.from_exe(target.system_executable, app_data)
        target.executable = start_executable
        return target

    _cache_exe_discovery = {}  # noqa: RUF012

    def discover_exe(self, app_data, prefix, exact=True, env=None):  # noqa: FBT002
        key = prefix, exact
        if key in self._cache_exe_discovery and prefix:
            LOGGER.debug("discover exe from cache %s - exact %s: %r", prefix, exact, self._cache_exe_discovery[key])
            return self._cache_exe_discovery[key]
        LOGGER.debug("discover exe for %s in %s", self, prefix)
        # we don't know explicitly here, do some guess work - our executable name should tell
        possible_names = self._find_possible_exe_names()
        possible_folders = self._find_possible_folders(prefix)
        discovered = []
        env = os.environ if env is None else env
        for folder in possible_folders:
            for name in possible_names:
                info = self._check_exe(app_data, folder, name, exact, discovered, env)
                if info is not None:
                    self._cache_exe_discovery[key] = info
                    return info
        if exact is False and discovered:
            info = self._select_most_likely(discovered, self)
            folders = os.pathsep.join(possible_folders)
            self._cache_exe_discovery[key] = info
            LOGGER.debug("no exact match found, chosen most similar of %s within base folders %s", info, folders)
            return info
        msg = "failed to detect {} in {}".format("|".join(possible_names), os.pathsep.join(possible_folders))
        raise RuntimeError(msg)

    def _check_exe(self, app_data, folder, name, exact, discovered, env):  # noqa: PLR0913
        exe_path = os.path.join(folder, name)
        if not os.path.exists(exe_path):
            return None
        info = self.from_exe(exe_path, app_data, resolve_to_host=False, raise_on_error=False, env=env)
        if info is None:  # ignore if for some reason we can't query
            return None
        for item in ["implementation", "architecture", "version_info"]:
            found = getattr(info, item)
            searched = getattr(self, item)
            if found != searched:
                if item == "version_info":
                    found, searched = ".".join(str(i) for i in found), ".".join(str(i) for i in searched)
                executable = info.executable
                LOGGER.debug("refused interpreter %s because %s differs %s != %s", executable, item, found, searched)
                if exact is False:
                    discovered.append(info)
                break
        else:
            return info
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def _select_most_likely(discovered, target):
        # no exact match found, start relaxing our requirements then to facilitate system package upgrades that
        # could cause this (when using copy strategy of the host python)
        def sort_by(info):
            # we need to setup some priority of traits, this is as follows:
            # implementation, major, minor, micro, architecture, tag, serial
            matches = [
                info.implementation == target.implementation,
                info.version_info.major == target.version_info.major,
                info.version_info.minor == target.version_info.minor,
                info.architecture == target.architecture,
                info.version_info.micro == target.version_info.micro,
                info.version_info.releaselevel == target.version_info.releaselevel,
                info.version_info.serial == target.version_info.serial,
            ]
            return sum((1 << pos if match else 0) for pos, match in enumerate(reversed(matches)))

        sorted_discovered = sorted(discovered, key=sort_by, reverse=True)  # sort by priority in decreasing order
        return sorted_discovered[0]

    def _find_possible_folders(self, inside_folder):
        candidate_folder = OrderedDict()
        executables = OrderedDict()
        executables[os.path.realpath(self.executable)] = None
        executables[self.executable] = None
        executables[os.path.realpath(self.original_executable)] = None
        executables[self.original_executable] = None
        for exe in executables:
            base = os.path.dirname(exe)
            # following path pattern of the current
            if base.startswith(self.prefix):
                relative = base[len(self.prefix) :]
                candidate_folder[f"{inside_folder}{relative}"] = None

        # or at root level
        candidate_folder[inside_folder] = None
        return [i for i in candidate_folder if os.path.exists(i)]

    def _find_possible_exe_names(self):
        name_candidate = OrderedDict()
        for name in self._possible_base():
            for at in (3, 2, 1, 0):
                version = ".".join(str(i) for i in self.version_info[:at])
                mods = [""]
                if self.free_threaded:
                    mods.append("t")
                for mod in mods:
                    for arch in [f"-{self.architecture}", ""]:
                        for ext in EXTENSIONS:
                            candidate = f"{name}{version}{mod}{arch}{ext}"
                            name_candidate[candidate] = None
        return list(name_candidate.keys())

    def _possible_base(self):
        possible_base = OrderedDict()
        basename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.executable))[0].rstrip(digits)
        possible_base[basename] = None
        possible_base[self.implementation] = None
        # python is always the final option as in practice is used by multiple implementation as exe name
        if "python" in possible_base:
            del possible_base["python"]
        possible_base["python"] = None
        for base in possible_base:
            lower = base.lower()
            yield lower
            from virtualenv.info import fs_is_case_sensitive  # noqa: PLC0415

            if fs_is_case_sensitive():
                if base != lower:
                    yield base
                upper = base.upper()
                if upper != base:
                    yield upper


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # dump a JSON representation of the current python

    argv = sys.argv[1:]

    if len(argv) >= 1:
        start_cookie = argv[0]
        argv = argv[1:]
    else:
        start_cookie = ""

    if len(argv) >= 1:
        end_cookie = argv[0]
        argv = argv[1:]
    else:
        end_cookie = ""

    sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + argv

    info = PythonInfo()._to_json()  # noqa: SLF001
    sys.stdout.write("".join((start_cookie[::-1], info, end_cookie[::-1])))
