Module: ActiveRecord::NestedAttributes::ClassMethods

### Home Classes Methods

### In Files

- lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb

### Methods

- #accepts_nested_attributes_for

### Files

- README.rdoc

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# ActiveRecord::NestedAttributes::ClassMethods

# Active Record Nested Attributes

Nested attributes allow you to save attributes on associated records through the parent. By default nested attribute updating is turned off, you can enable it using the accepts_nested_attributes_for class method. When you enable nested attributes an attribute writer is defined on the model.

The attribute writer is named after the association, which means that in the following example, two new methods are added to your model:

`author_attributes=(attributes)` and `pages_attributes=(attributes)`.

    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :author
      has_many :pages

      accepts_nested_attributes_for :author, :pages
    end

Note that the `:autosave` option is automatically enabled on every association that accepts_nested_attributes_for is used for.

### One-to-one

Consider a Member model that has one Avatar:

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :avatar
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar
    end

Enabling nested attributes on a one-to-one association allows you to create the member and avatar in one go:

    params = { :member => { :name => 'Jack', :avatar_attributes => { :icon => 'smiling' } } }
    member = Member.create(params[:member])
    member.avatar.id # => 2
    member.avatar.icon # => 'smiling'

It also allows you to update the avatar through the member:

    params = { :member => { :avatar_attributes => { :id => '2', :icon => 'sad' } } }
    member.update_attributes params[:member]
    member.avatar.icon # => 'sad'

By default you will only be able to set and update attributes on the associated model. If you want to destroy the associated model through the attributes hash, you have to enable it first using the `:allow_destroy` option.

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_one :avatar
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :allow_destroy => true
    end

Now, when you add the `_destroy` key to the attributes hash, with a value that evaluates to `true`, you will destroy the associated model:

    member.avatar_attributes = { :id => '2', :_destroy => '1' }
    member.avatar.marked_for_destruction? # => true
    member.save
    member.reload.avatar # => nil

Note that the model will not be destroyed until the parent is saved.

### One-to-many

Consider a member that has a number of posts:

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :posts
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts
    end

You can now set or update attributes on an associated post model through the attribute hash.

For each hash that does not have an `id` key a new record will be instantiated, unless the hash also contains a `_destroy` key that evaluates to `true`.

    params = { :member => {
      :name => 'joe', :posts_attributes => [
        { :title => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
        { :title => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen' },
        { :title => '', :_destroy => '1' } # this will be ignored
      ]
    }}

    member = Member.create(params['member'])
    member.posts.length # => 2
    member.posts.first.title # => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
    member.posts.second.title # => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen'

You may also set a :reject_if proc to silently ignore any new record hashes if they fail to pass your criteria. For example, the previous example could be rewritten as:

     class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
       has_many :posts
       accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, :reject_if => proc { |attributes| attributes['title'].blank? }
     end

    params = { :member => {
      :name => 'joe', :posts_attributes => [
        { :title => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
        { :title => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen' },
        { :title => '' } # this will be ignored because of the :reject_if proc
      ]
    }}

    member = Member.create(params['member'])
    member.posts.length # => 2
    member.posts.first.title # => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
    member.posts.second.title # => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen'

Alternatively, :reject_if also accepts a symbol for using methods:

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :posts
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, :reject_if => :new_record?
    end

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :posts
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, :reject_if => :reject_posts

      def reject_posts(attributed)
        attributed['title'].blank?
      end
    end

If the hash contains an `id` key that matches an already associated record, the matching record will be modified:

    member.attributes = {
      :name => 'Joe',
      :posts_attributes => [
        { :id => 1, :title => '[UPDATED] An, as of yet, undisclosed awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
        { :id => 2, :title => '[UPDATED] other post' }
      ]
    }

    member.posts.first.title # => '[UPDATED] An, as of yet, undisclosed awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
    member.posts.second.title # => '[UPDATED] other post'

By default the associated records are protected from being destroyed. If you want to destroy any of the associated records through the attributes hash, you have to enable it first using the `:allow_destroy` option. This will allow you to also use the `_destroy` key to destroy existing records:

    class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
      has_many :posts
      accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, :allow_destroy => true
    end

    params = { :member => {
      :posts_attributes => [{ :id => '2', :_destroy => '1' }]
    }}

    member.attributes = params['member']
    member.posts.detect { |p| p.id == 2 }.marked_for_destruction? # => true
    member.posts.length # => 2
    member.save
    member.reload.posts.length # => 1

### Saving

All changes to models, including the destruction of those marked for destruction, are saved and destroyed automatically and atomically when the parent model is saved. This happens inside the transaction initiated by the parents save method. See ActiveRecord::AutosaveAssociation.

### Constants

REJECT_ALL_BLANK_PROC

### Public Instance Methods

accepts_nested_attributes_for(*attr_names) click to toggle source

Defines an attributes writer for the specified association(s). If you are using `attr_protected` or `attr_accessible`, then you will need to add the attribute writer to the allowed list.

Supported options:

:allow_destroy

  If true, destroys any members from the attributes hash with a `_destroy` key and a value that evaluates to `true` (eg. 1, ‘1’, true, or ‘true’). This option is off by default.

:reject_if

  Allows you to specify a Proc or a Symbol pointing to a method that checks whether a record should be built for a certain attribute hash. The hash is passed to the supplied Proc or the method and it should return either `true` or `false`. When no :reject_if is specified, a record will be built for all attribute hashes that do not have a `_destroy` value that evaluates to true. Passing `:all_blank` instead of a Proc will create a proc that will reject a record where all the attributes are blank.

:limit

  Allows you to specify the maximum number of the associated records that can be processed with the nested attributes. If the size of the nested attributes array exceeds the specified limit, NestedAttributes::TooManyRecords exception is raised. If omitted, any number associations can be processed. Note that the :limit option is only applicable to one-to-many associations.

:update_only

  Allows you to specify that an existing record may only be updated. A new record may only be created when there is no existing record. This option only works for one-to-one associations and is ignored for collection associations. This option is off by default.

Examples:

    # creates avatar_attributes=
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :reject_if => proc { |attributes| attributes['name'].blank? }
    # creates avatar_attributes=
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :reject_if => :all_blank
    # creates avatar_attributes= and posts_attributes=
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :posts, :allow_destroy => true

    # File lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb, line 233
    def accepts_nested_attributes_for(*attr_names)
      options = { :allow_destroy => false, :update_only => false }
      options.update(attr_names.extract_options!)
      options.assert_valid_keys(:allow_destroy, :reject_if, :limit, :update_only)
      options[:reject_if] = REJECT_ALL_BLANK_PROC if options[:reject_if] == :all_blank

      attr_names.each do |association_name|
        if reflection = reflect_on_association(association_name)
          reflection.options[:autosave] = true
          add_autosave_association_callbacks(reflection)
          nested_attributes_options[association_name.to_sym] = options
          type = (reflection.collection? ? :collection : :one_to_one)

          # def pirate_attributes=(attributes)
          #   assign_nested_attributes_for_one_to_one_association(:pirate, attributes)
          # end
          class_eval               if method_defined?(:#{association_name}_attributes=)                remove_method(:#{association_name}_attributes=)              end              def #{association_name}_attributes=(attributes)                assign_nested_attributes_for_#{type}_association(:#{association_name}, attributes)              end, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
        else
          raise ArgumentError, "No association found for name `#{association_name}'. Has it been defined yet?"
        end
      end
    end

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