std::generate_canonical(3)

NAME
std::generate_canonical - std::generate_canonical

Synopsis
   Defined in header <random>
   template< class RealType, std::size_t Bits, class Generator > (since C++11)
   RealType generate_canonical( Generator& g );
   Generates a random floating point number in range [0, 1).
   To generate enough entropy, generate_canonical() will call g() exactly \(\small k\)k
   times, where \(\small k = \max(1, \lceil \frac{b}{\log_2 R} \rceil)\)k = max(1, ⌈ b
   / log
   2 R ⌉) and
     * b = std::min(Bits, std::size_t {std::numeric_limits<RealType>::digits}),
     * R = g.max() - g.min() + 1.

Parameters
   g - generator to use to acquire entropy

Return value
   Floating point value in range [0, 1).

Exceptions
   None except from those thrown by g.

Notes
   Some existing implementations have a bug where they may occasionally return 1.0 if
   RealType is float GCC #63176 LLVM #18767 MSVC STL #1074. This is LWG issue 2524.

Example
   Produce random numbers with 10 bits of randomness: this may produce only k * R
   distinct values. // Run this code
 #include <iostream>
 #include <random>
 int main()
 {
     std::random_device rd;
     std::mt19937 gen(rd());
     for (int n = 0; n < 10; ++n)
         std::cout << std::generate_canonical<double, 10>(gen) << ' ';
     std::cout << '\n';
 }

Possible output:
 0.208143 0.824147 0.0278604 0.343183 0.0173263 0.864057 0.647037 0.539467 0.0583497 0.609219

See also
   uniform_real_distribution produces real values evenly distributed across a range
   (C++11) (class template)