std::toupper(std::locale)(3)

NAME
std::toupper(std::locale) - std::toupper(std::locale)

Synopsis
   Defined in header <locale>
   template< class CharT >
   CharT toupper( CharT ch, const locale& loc );
   Converts the character ch to uppercase if possible, using the conversion rules
   specified by the given locale's std::ctype facet.

Parameters
   ch - character
   loc - locale

Return value
   Returns the uppercase form of ch if one is listed in the locale, otherwise returns
   ch unchanged.

Notes
   Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the uppercase
   form of 'ß' is (with some exceptions) the two-character string "SS", which cannot be
   obtained by std::toupper.

Possible implementation
   template<class CharT>
   CharT toupper(CharT ch, const std::locale& loc)
   {
       return std::use_facet<std::ctype<CharT>>(loc).toupper(ch);
   }

Example
// Run this code
 #include <cwctype>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <locale>
 int main()
 {
     wchar_t c = L'\u017f'; // Latin small letter Long S ('ſ')
     std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
     std::cout << "in the default locale, toupper(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
               << (std::wint_t)std::toupper(c, std::locale()) << '\n';
     std::cout << "in Unicode locale, toupper(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
               << (std::wint_t)std::toupper(c, std::locale("en_US.utf8")) << '\n';
 }

Possible output:
 in the default locale, toupper(0x17f) = 0x17f
 in Unicode locale, toupper(0x17f) = 0x53

See also
                        converts a character to lowercase using the ctype facet of a
   tolower(std::locale) locale
                        (function template)
   toupper converts a character to uppercase
                        (function)
   towupper converts a wide character to uppercase
                        (function)