/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.BindException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MulticastSocket;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.catalina.tribes.Channel;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.Member;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.MembershipListener;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.MessageListener;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.io.ChannelData;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.io.XByteBuffer;
import org.apache.catalina.tribes.util.ExecutorFactory;

/**
 * A <b>membership</b> implementation using simple multicast.
 * This is the representation of a multicast membership service.
 * This class is responsible for maintaining a list of active cluster nodes in the cluster.
 * If a node fails to send out a heartbeat, the node will be dismissed.
 * This is the low level implementation that handles the multicasting sockets.
 * Need to fix this, could use java.nio and only need one thread to send and receive, or
 * just use a timeout on the receive
 * @author Filip Hanik
 */
public class McastServiceImpl
{
    private static final org.apache.juli.logging.Log log =
        org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog( McastService.class );
    
    protected static int MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 65535;
    /**
     * Internal flag used for the listen thread that listens to the multicasting socket.
     */
    protected volatile boolean doRunSender = false;
    protected volatile boolean doRunReceiver = false;
    protected int startLevel = 0;
    /**
     * Socket that we intend to listen to
     */
    protected MulticastSocket socket;
    /**
     * The local member that we intend to broad cast over and over again
     */
    protected MemberImpl member;
    /**
     * The multicast address
     */
    protected InetAddress address;
    /**
     * The multicast port
     */
    protected int port;
    /**
     * The time it takes for a member to expire.
     */
    protected long timeToExpiration;
    /**
     * How often to we send out a broadcast saying we are alive, must be smaller than timeToExpiration
     */
    protected long sendFrequency;
    /**
     * Reuse the sendPacket, no need to create a new one everytime
     */
    protected DatagramPacket sendPacket;
    /**
     * Reuse the receivePacket, no need to create a new one everytime
     */
    protected DatagramPacket receivePacket;
    /**
     * The membership, used so that we calculate memberships when they arrive or don't arrive
     */
    protected Membership membership;
    /**
     * The actual listener, for callback when stuff goes down
     */
    protected MembershipListener service;
    /**
     * The actual listener for broadcast callbacks
     */
    protected MessageListener msgservice;
    /**
     * Thread to listen for pings
     */
    protected ReceiverThread receiver;
    /**
     * Thread to send pings
     */
    protected SenderThread sender;

    /**
     * Time to live for the multicast packets that are being sent out
     */
    protected int mcastTTL = -1;
    /**
     * Read timeout on the mcast socket
     */
    protected int mcastSoTimeout = -1;
    /**
     * bind address
     */
    protected InetAddress mcastBindAddress = null;
    
    /**
     * nr of times the system has to fail before a recovery is initiated
     */
    protected int recoveryCounter = 10;
    
    /**
     * The time the recovery thread sleeps between recovery attempts
     */
    protected long recoverySleepTime = 5000;
    
    /**
     * Add the ability to turn on/off recovery
     */
    protected boolean recoveryEnabled = true;
    
    /**
     * Dont interrupt the sender/receiver thread, but pass off to an executor
     */
    protected ExecutorService executor = ExecutorFactory.newThreadPool(0, 2, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
    /**
     * disable/enable local loopback message
     */
    protected boolean localLoopbackDisabled = false;
    
    /**
     * Create a new mcast service impl
     * @param member - the local member
     * @param sendFrequency - the time (ms) in between pings sent out
     * @param expireTime - the time (ms) for a member to expire
     * @param port - the mcast port
     * @param bind - the bind address (not sure this is used yet)
     * @param mcastAddress - the mcast address
     * @param service - the callback service
     * @param localLoopbackDisabled - disable loopbackMode
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public McastServiceImpl(
        MemberImpl member,
        long sendFrequency,
        long expireTime,
        int port,
        InetAddress bind,
        InetAddress mcastAddress,
        int ttl,
        int soTimeout,
        MembershipListener service,
        MessageListener msgservice,
        boolean localLoopbackDisabled)
    throws IOException {
        this.member = member;
        this.address = mcastAddress;
        this.port = port;
        this.mcastSoTimeout = soTimeout;
        this.mcastTTL = ttl;
        this.mcastBindAddress = bind;
        this.timeToExpiration = expireTime;
        this.service = service;
        this.msgservice = msgservice;
        this.sendFrequency = sendFrequency;
        this.localLoopbackDisabled = localLoopbackDisabled;
        init();
    }

    public void init() throws IOException {
        setupSocket();
        sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[MAX_PACKET_SIZE],MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
        sendPacket.setAddress(address);
        sendPacket.setPort(port);
        receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[MAX_PACKET_SIZE],MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
        receivePacket.setAddress(address);
        receivePacket.setPort(port);
        member.setCommand(new byte[0]);
        member.getData(true, true);
        if ( membership == null ) membership = new Membership(member);
    }
    
    protected void setupSocket() throws IOException {
        if (mcastBindAddress != null) {
            try {
                log.info("Attempting to bind the multicast socket to "+address+":"+port);
                socket = new MulticastSocket(new InetSocketAddress(address,port));
            } catch (BindException e) {
                /*
                 * On some platforms (e.g. Linux) it is not possible to bind
                 * to the multicast address. In this case only bind to the
                 * port.
                 */
                log.info("Binding to multicast address, failed. Binding to port only.");
                socket = new MulticastSocket(port);
            }
        } else {
            socket = new MulticastSocket(port);
        }
        socket.setLoopbackMode(localLoopbackDisabled); //hint if we want disable loop back(local machine) messages
        if (mcastBindAddress != null) {
            if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                log.info("Setting multihome multicast interface to:" +mcastBindAddress);
            socket.setInterface(mcastBindAddress);
        } //end if
        //force a so timeout so that we don't block forever
        if ( mcastSoTimeout <= 0 ) mcastSoTimeout = (int)sendFrequency;
        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info("Setting cluster mcast soTimeout to "+mcastSoTimeout);
        socket.setSoTimeout(mcastSoTimeout);

        if ( mcastTTL >= 0 ) {
            if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                log.info("Setting cluster mcast TTL to " + mcastTTL);
            socket.setTimeToLive(mcastTTL);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Start the service
     * @param level 1 starts the receiver, level 2 starts the sender
     * @throws IOException if the service fails to start
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the service is already started
     */
    public synchronized void start(int level) throws IOException {
        boolean valid = false;
        if ( (level & Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ)==Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ ) {
            if ( receiver != null ) throw new IllegalStateException("McastService.receive already running.");
            try {
                if ( sender == null ) socket.joinGroup(address);
            }catch (IOException iox) {
                log.error("Unable to join multicast group, make sure your system has multicasting enabled.");
                throw iox;
            }
            doRunReceiver = true;
            receiver = new ReceiverThread();
            receiver.setDaemon(true);
            receiver.start();
            valid = true;
        } 
        if ( (level & Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ)==Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ ) {
            if ( sender != null ) throw new IllegalStateException("McastService.send already running.");
            if ( receiver == null ) socket.joinGroup(address);
            //make sure at least one packet gets out there
            send(false);
            doRunSender = true;
            sender = new SenderThread(sendFrequency);
            sender.setDaemon(true);
            sender.start();
            //we have started the receiver, but not yet waited for membership to establish
            valid = true;
        } 
        if (!valid) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid start level. Only acceptable levels are Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ and Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ");
        }
        //pause, once or twice
        waitForMembers(level);
        startLevel = (startLevel | level);
    }

    private void waitForMembers(int level) {
        long memberwait = sendFrequency*2;
        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info("Sleeping for "+memberwait+" milliseconds to establish cluster membership, start level:"+level);
        try {Thread.sleep(memberwait);}catch (InterruptedException ignore){}
        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info("Done sleeping, membership established, start level:"+level);
    }

    /**
     * Stops the service
     * @throws IOException if the service fails to disconnect from the sockets
     */
    public synchronized boolean stop(int level) throws IOException {
        boolean valid = false;
        
        if ( (level & Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ)==Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ ) {
            valid = true;
            doRunReceiver = false;
            if ( receiver !=null ) receiver.interrupt();
            receiver = null;
        } 
        if ( (level & Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ)==Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ ) {
            valid = true;
            doRunSender = false;
            if ( sender != null )sender.interrupt();
            sender = null;
        } 
        
        if (!valid) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid stop level. Only acceptable levels are Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ and Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ");
        }
        startLevel = (startLevel & (~level));
        //we're shutting down, send a shutdown message and close the socket
        if ( startLevel == 0 ) {
            //send a stop message
            member.setCommand(Member.SHUTDOWN_PAYLOAD);
            member.getData(true, true);
            send(false);
            //leave mcast group
            try {socket.leaveGroup(address);}catch ( Exception ignore){}
            try {socket.close();}catch ( Exception ignore){}
            member.setServiceStartTime(-1);
        }
        return (startLevel == 0);
    }

    /**
     * Receive a datagram packet, locking wait
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void receive() throws IOException {
        boolean checkexpired = true;
        try {
            
            socket.receive(receivePacket);
            if(receivePacket.getLength() > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
                log.error("Multicast packet received was too long, dropping package:"+receivePacket.getLength());
            } else {
                byte[] data = new byte[receivePacket.getLength()];
                System.arraycopy(receivePacket.getData(), receivePacket.getOffset(), data, 0, data.length);
                if (XByteBuffer.firstIndexOf(data,0,MemberImpl.TRIBES_MBR_BEGIN)==0) {
                    memberDataReceived(data);
                } else {
                    memberBroadcastsReceived(data);
                }
                
            }
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException x ) { 
            //do nothing, this is normal, we don't want to block forever
            //since the receive thread is the same thread
            //that does membership expiration
        }
        if (checkexpired) checkExpired();
    }

    private void memberDataReceived(byte[] data) {
        final MemberImpl m = MemberImpl.getMember(data);
        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) log.trace("Mcast receive ping from member " + m);
        Runnable t = null;
        if (Arrays.equals(m.getCommand(), Member.SHUTDOWN_PAYLOAD)) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Member has shutdown:" + m);
            membership.removeMember(m);
            t = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    try {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName("Membership-MemberDisappeared.");
                        service.memberDisappeared(m);
                    }finally {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
                    }
                }
            };
        } else if (membership.memberAlive(m)) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Mcast add member " + m);
            t = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    try {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName("Membership-MemberAdded.");
                        service.memberAdded(m);
                    }finally {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
                    }
                }
            };
        } //end if
        if ( t != null ) {
            executor.execute(t);
        }
    }
    
    private void memberBroadcastsReceived(final byte[] b) {
        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) log.trace("Mcast received broadcasts.");
        XByteBuffer buffer = new XByteBuffer(b,true);
        if (buffer.countPackages(true)>0) {
            int count = buffer.countPackages();
            final ChannelData[] data = new ChannelData[count];
            for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
                try {
                    data[i] = buffer.extractPackage(true);
                }catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
                    log.debug("Unable to decode message.",ise);
                }catch (IOException x) {
                    log.debug("Unable to decode message.",x);
                }
            }
            Runnable t = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    try {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName("Membership-MemberAdded.");
                        for (int i=0; i<data.length; i++ ) {
                            try {
                                if (data[i]!=null && !member.equals(data[i].getAddress())) {
                                    msgservice.messageReceived(data[i]);
                                }
                            } catch (Throwable t) {
                                if (t instanceof ThreadDeath) {
                                    throw (ThreadDeath) t;
                                }
                                if (t instanceof VirtualMachineError) {
                                    throw (VirtualMachineError) t;
                                }
                                log.error("Unable to receive broadcast message.",t);
                            }
                        }
                    }finally {
                        Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
                    }
                }
            };
            executor.execute(t);
        }
    }

    protected final Object expiredMutex = new Object();
    protected void checkExpired() {
        synchronized (expiredMutex) {
            MemberImpl[] expired = membership.expire(timeToExpiration);
            for (int i = 0; i < expired.length; i++) {
                final MemberImpl member = expired[i];
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("Mcast expire  member " + expired[i]);
                try {
                    Runnable t = new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                            try {
                                Thread.currentThread().setName("Membership-MemberExpired.");
                                service.memberDisappeared(member);
                            }finally {
                                Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
                            }
                            
                        }
                    };
                    executor.execute(t);
                } catch (Exception x) {
                    log.error("Unable to process member disappeared message.", x);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Send a ping
     * @throws IOException
     */ 
    public void send(boolean checkexpired) throws IOException{
        send(checkexpired,null);
    }
    
    private final Object sendLock = new Object();

    public void send(boolean checkexpired, DatagramPacket packet) throws IOException{
        checkexpired = (checkexpired && (packet==null));
        //ignore if we haven't started the sender
        //if ( (startLevel&Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ) != Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ ) return;
        if (packet==null) {
            member.inc();
            if(log.isTraceEnabled()) {
                log.trace("Mcast send ping from member " + member);
            }
            byte[] data = member.getData();
            packet = new DatagramPacket(data,data.length);
        } else if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
            log.trace("Sending message broadcast "+packet.getLength()+ " bytes from "+ member);
        }
        packet.setAddress(address);
        packet.setPort(port);
        //TODO this operation is not thread safe
        synchronized (sendLock) {
            socket.send(packet);
        }
        if ( checkexpired ) checkExpired();
    }

    public long getServiceStartTime() {
        return (member!=null) ? member.getServiceStartTime() : -1l;
    }

    public int getRecoveryCounter() {
        return recoveryCounter;
    }

    public boolean isRecoveryEnabled() {
        return recoveryEnabled;
    }

    public long getRecoverySleepTime() {
        return recoverySleepTime;
    }

    public class ReceiverThread extends Thread {
        int errorCounter = 0;
        public ReceiverThread() {
            super();
            setName("Tribes-MembershipReceiver");
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while ( doRunReceiver ) {
                try {
                    receive();
                    errorCounter=0;
                } catch ( ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ax ) {
                    //we can ignore this, as it means we have an invalid package
                    //but we will log it to debug
                    if ( log.isDebugEnabled() )
                        log.debug("Invalid member mcast package.",ax);
                } catch ( Exception x ) {
                    if (x instanceof InterruptedException) interrupted();
                    else {
                        if (errorCounter==0 && doRunReceiver) log.warn("Error receiving mcast package. Sleeping 500ms",x);
                        else if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Error receiving mcast package"+(doRunReceiver?". Sleeping 500ms":"."),x);
                        if (doRunReceiver) {
                            try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch ( Exception ignore ){}
                            if ( (++errorCounter)>=recoveryCounter ) {
                                errorCounter=0;
                                RecoveryThread.recover(McastServiceImpl.this);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }//class ReceiverThread

    public class SenderThread extends Thread {
        long time;
        int errorCounter=0;
        public SenderThread(long time) {
            this.time = time;
            setName("Tribes-MembershipSender");

        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while ( doRunSender ) {
                try {
                    send(true);
                    errorCounter = 0;
                } catch ( Exception x ) {
                    if (errorCounter==0) log.warn("Unable to send mcast message.",x);
                    else log.debug("Unable to send mcast message.",x);
                    if ( (++errorCounter)>=recoveryCounter ) {
                        errorCounter=0;
                        RecoveryThread.recover(McastServiceImpl.this);
                    }
                }
                try { Thread.sleep(time); } catch ( Exception ignore ) {}
            }
        }
    }//class SenderThread

    protected static class RecoveryThread extends Thread {
        static volatile boolean running = false;

        public static synchronized void recover(McastServiceImpl parent) {
            if (running) return;
            if (!parent.isRecoveryEnabled())
                return;
            
            running = true;
            
            Thread t = new RecoveryThread(parent);
            
            t.setName("Tribes-MembershipRecovery");
            t.setDaemon(true);
            t.start();
        }


        McastServiceImpl parent = null;
        public RecoveryThread(McastServiceImpl parent) {
            this.parent = parent;
        }
        
        public boolean stopService() {
            try {
                parent.stop(Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ | Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ);
                return true;
            } catch (Exception x) {
                log.warn("Recovery thread failed to stop membership service.", x);
                return false;
            }
        }
        public boolean startService() {
            try {
                parent.init();
                parent.start(Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ | Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ);
                return true;
            } catch (Exception x) {
                log.warn("Recovery thread failed to start membership service.", x);
                return false;
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            boolean success = false;
            int attempt = 0;
            try {
                while (!success) {
                    if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                        log.info("Tribes membership, running recovery thread, multicasting is not functional.");
                    if (stopService() & startService()) {
                        success = true;
                        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                            log.info("Membership recovery was successful.");
                    }
                    try {
                        if (!success) {
                            if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                                log.info("Recovery attempt "+(++attempt)+" failed, trying again in " +parent.recoverySleepTime+ " seconds");
                            Thread.sleep(parent.recoverySleepTime);
                        }
                    }catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
                    }
                }
            }finally {
                running = false;
            }
        }
    }

    public void setRecoveryCounter(int recoveryCounter) {
        this.recoveryCounter = recoveryCounter;
    }

    public void setRecoveryEnabled(boolean recoveryEnabled) {
        this.recoveryEnabled = recoveryEnabled;
    }

    public void setRecoverySleepTime(long recoverySleepTime) {
        this.recoverySleepTime = recoverySleepTime;
    }
}
