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<!DOCTYPE document [
  <!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml">
]>
<document url="listeners.html">

  &project;

  <properties>
    <title>The LifeCycle Listener Component</title>
  </properties>

<body>

<section name="Table of Contents">
<toc/>
</section>

<section name="Introduction">

  <p>A <strong>Listener</strong> element defines a component that performs
  actions when specific events occur, usually Tomcat starting or Tomcat
  stopping.</p>

  <p>Listeners may be nested inside a <a href="server.html">Server</a>,
  <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a> or
  <a href="context.html">Context</a>. Some Listeners are only intended to be
  nested inside specific elements. These constraints are noted in the
  documentation below.</p>

</section>

<section name="Attributes">

  <subsection name="Common Attributes">

    <p>All implementations of <strong>Listener</strong>
    support the following attributes:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="className" required="true">
        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener</code>
        interface.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

</section>

<section name="Nested Components">

  <p>No element may be nested inside a <strong>Listener</strong>.</p>

</section>

<section name="Standard Implementations">

  <p>Unlike most Catalina components, there are several standard
  <strong>Listener</strong> implementations available.  As a result,
  the <code>className</code> attribute MUST be used to select the
  implementation you wish to use.</p>

  <subsection name="APR Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener">

    <p>The <strong>APR Lifecycle Listener</strong> checks for the presence of
    the APR/native library and loads the library if it is present. For more
    information see the <a href="../apr.html">APR/native guide</a>.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>APR
    Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="SSLEngine" required="false">
        <p>Name of the SSLEngine to use. <code>off</code>: do not use SSL,
        <code>on</code>: use SSL but no specific ENGINE.</p>
        <p>The default value is <b>on</b>. This initializes the
        native SSL engine, which must be enabled in the APR/native connector by
        the use of the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute.</p>
        <p>See the <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">Official OpenSSL website</a>
        for more details on supported SSL hardware engines and manufacturers.
        </p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="SSLRandomSeed" required="false">
        <p>Entropy source used to seed the SSLEngine's PRNG. The default value
        is <code>builtin</code>. On development systems, you may want to set
        this to <code>/dev/urandom</code> to allow quicker start times.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="FIPSMode" required="false">
        <p>Set to <code>on</code> to request that OpenSSL be in FIPS mode
        (if OpenSSL is already in FIPS mode, it will remain in FIPS mode).
        Set to <code>enter</code> to force OpenSSL to enter FIPS mode (an error
        will occur if OpenSSL is already in FIPS mode).
        Set to <code>require</code> to require that OpenSSL <i>already</i> be
        in FIPS mode (an error will occur if OpenSSL is not already in FIPS
        mode).</p>
        <p>FIPS mode <em>requires you to have a FIPS-capable OpenSSL library which
        you must build yourself</em>.
        If this attribute is set to any of the above values, the <b>SSLEngine</b>
        must be enabled as well.</p>
        <p>The default value is <code>off</code>.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="Global Resources Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener">

    <p>The <strong>Global Resources Lifecycle Listener</strong> initializes the
    Global JNDI resources defined in server.xml as part of the <a
    href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a> element. Without this
    listener, none of the Global Resources will be available.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>No additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Global Resources
    Lifecycle Listener</strong>.</p>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener">

    <p>The <strong>JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener</strong> provides
    work-arounds for known places where the Java Runtime environment uses
    the context class loader to load a singleton as this will cause a memory
    leak if a web application class loader happens to be the context class
    loader at the time. The work-around is to initialise these singletons when
    this listener starts as Tomcat's common class loader is the context class
    loader at that time. It also provides work-arounds for known issues that
    can result in locked JAR files.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>JRE
    Memory Leak Prevention Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="appContextProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
        <code>sun.awt.AppContext.getAppContext()</code> triggered by a web
        application do not result in a memory leak. Note that enabling this
        protection will trigger a requirement for a graphical environment unless
        Java is started in head-less mode. The default is <code>false</code>.
        This protection is disabled if running on Java 8 onwards since the leak
        has been fixed for Java 8 onwards.
        </p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="AWTThreadProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
        <code>java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()</code> triggered by a web
        application do not result in a memory leak.
        Defaults to <code>false</code> because an AWT thread is launched. This
        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="classesToInitialize" required="false">
        <p>List of comma-separated fully qualified class names to load and initialize
        during the startup of this Listener. This allows to pre-load classes that are
        known to provoke classloader leaks if they are loaded during a request
        processing. Non-JRE classes may be referenced, like
        <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM</code>.
        The default value is empty, but specific JRE classes are loaded by other leak
        protection features managed by other attributes of this Listener.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="driverManagerProtection" required="false">
        <p>The first use of <code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> will trigger the
        loading of JDBC Driver in the current class loader. The web
        application level memory leak protection can take care of this in most
        cases but triggering the loading here has fewer side-effects. The
        default is <code>true</code>.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="gcDaemonProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
        <code>sun.misc.GC.requestLatency(long)</code> triggered by a web
        application do not result in a memory leak. Use of RMI is likely to
        trigger a call to this method. A side effect of enabling this protection
        is the creation of a thread named "GC Daemon". The protection uses
        reflection to access internal Sun classes and may generate errors on
        startup on non-Sun JVMs. The default is <code>true</code>. This
        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="ldapPoolProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that the PoolCleaner thread started by
        <code>com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapPoolManager</code> does not result in a
        memory leak. The thread is started the first time the
        <code>LdapPoolManager</code> class is used if the system property
        <code>com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool.timeout</code> is set to a value
        greater than 0. Without this protection, if a web application uses this
        class the PoolCleaner thread will be configured with the thread's
        context class loader set to the web application class loader which in
        turn will trigger a memory leak on reload. Defaults to
        <code>true</code>. This protection is disabled if running on Java 9
        onwards since the leak has been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="securityLoginConfigurationProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that usage of the
        <code>javax.security.auth.login.Configuration</code> class by a web
        application does not provoke a memory leak. The first access of this
        class will trigger the initializer that will retain a static reference
        to the context class loader. The protection loads the class with the
        system class loader to ensure that the static initializer is not
        triggered by a web application. Defaults to <code>true</code>. This
        protection is disabled if running on Java 8 onwards since the leak has
        been fixed for Java 8 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="securityPolicyProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that usage of the deprecated
        <code>javax.security.auth.Policy</code> class by a web application does not
        result in a memory leak. The first access of this class will trigger the
        static initializer that will retain a static reference to the context
        class loader. The protection calls the <code>getPolicy()</code> method
        of this class to ensure that the static initializer is not triggered by
        a web application. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</p>
        <p>Note: The underlying leak has been fixed in Java 7 update 51 onwards
        and Java 8 onwards. This protection is therefor disabled if running on
        Java 8 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="tokenPollerProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that any token poller thread initialized by
        <code>sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11.initToken()</code> does not
        result in a memory leak. The thread is started depending on various
        conditions as part of the initialization of the Java Cryptography
        Architecture. Without the protection this can happen during Webapp
        deployment when the MessageDigest for generating session IDs is
        initialized. As a result the thread has the Webapp class loader as its
        thread context class loader. Enabling the protection initializes JCA
        early during Tomcat startup. Defaults to <code>true</code>. This
        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="urlCacheProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that reading resources from JAR files using
        <code>java.net.URLConnection</code>s does not result in the JAR file
        being locked. Note that enabling this protection disables caching by
        default for all resources obtained via
        <code>java.net.URLConnection</code>s. Caching may be re-enabled on a
        case by case basis as required. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="xmlParsingProtection" required="false">
        <p>Enables protection so that parsing XML files within a web application
        does not result in a memory leak. Note that memory profilers may not
        display the GC root associated with this leak making it particularly
        hard to diagnose. Defaults to <code>true</code>. This protection is
        disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has been fixed for
        Java 9 onwards.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

    <subsection name="JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener Examples">

      <p>The following is an example of how to configure the
      <code>classesToInitialize</code> attribute of this listener.</p>

      <p>If this listener was configured in server.xml as:</p>

      <source><![CDATA[  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"
            classesToInitialize="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM" />]]></source>

      <p>then the <code>OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM</code> class would be loaded
      and initialized during listener startup instead of during request
      processing.</p>

    </subsection>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="Security Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener">

    <p>The <strong>Security Lifecycle Listener</strong> performs a number of
    security checks when Tomcat starts and prevents Tomcat from starting if they
    fail. The listener is not enabled by default. To enabled it uncomment the
    listener in $CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml. If the operating system supports
    umask then the line in $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh that obtains the umask
    also needs to be uncommented.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Security
    Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="checkedOsUsers" required="false">
        <p>A comma separated list of OS users that must not be used to start
        Tomcat. If not specified, the default value of <b>root</b> is used. To
        disable this check, set the attribute to the empty string. Usernames
        are checked in a case-insensitive manner.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="minimumUmask" required="false">
        <p>The least restrictive umask that must be configured before Tomcat
        will start. If not specified, the default value of <b>0007</b> is used.
        To disable this check, set the attribute to the empty string. The check
        is not performed on Windows platforms.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener">

    <p>The <strong>StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener</strong> configures a
    StoreConfig MBean that may be used to save the current server configuration
    in server.xml or the current configuration for a web application in a
    context.xml file.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the
    <strong>StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="storeConfigClass" required="false">
        <p>The name of the <code>IStoreConfig</code> implementation to use. If
        not specified the default of
        <code>org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfig</code> will be
        used.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="storeRegsitry" required="false">
        <p>The URL of the configuration file that configures how the
        <code>IStoreConfig</code> is to save the configuration. If not specified
        the built in resource
        <code>/org/apache/catalina/storeconfig/server-registry.xml</code> will
        be used.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="ThreadLocal Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener">

    <p>The <strong>ThreadLocal Leak Prevention Listener</strong> triggers the
    renewal of threads in <a href="executor.html">Executor</a> pools when a
    <a href="context.html">Context</a> is being stopped to avoid thread-local
    related memory leaks. Active threads will be renewed one by one when they
    come back to the pool after executing their task. The renewal happens
    only for contexts that have their <code>renewThreadsWhenStoppingContext</code>
    attribute set to <code>true</code>.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements.</p>

    <p>No additional attributes are supported by the <strong>ThreadLocal Leak
    Prevention Listener</strong>.</p>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="UserConfig - org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig">

    <p>The <strong>UserConfig</strong> provides feature of User Web Applications.
    User Web Applications map a request URI starting with a tilde character ("~")
    and a username to a directory (commonly named public_html) in that user's
    home directory on the server.</p>

    <p>See the <a href="host.html#User_Web_Applications">User Web Applications</a>
    special feature on the <strong>Host</strong> element for more information.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the
    <strong>UserConfig</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="directoryName" required="false">
        <p>The directory name to be searched for within each user home directory.
        The default is <code>public_html</code>.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="userClass" required="false">
        <p>The class name of the user database class.
        There are currently two user database, the
        <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.PasswdUserDatabase</code> is used on a
        Unix system that uses the /etc/passwd file to identify valid users.
        The <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.HomesUserDatabase</code> is used on
        a server where /etc/passwd is not in use. HomesUserDatabase deploy all
        directories found in a specified base directory.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="homeBase" required="false">
        <p>The base directory containing user home directories. This is effective
        only when <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.HomesUserDatabase</code> is
        used.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="allow" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression defining user who deployment is allowed. If this
        attribute is specified, the user to deploy must match for this pattern.
        If this attribute is not specified, all users will be deployed unless the
        user matches a deny pattern.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="deny" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression defining user who deployment is denied. If this
        attribute is specified, the user to deploy must not match for this
        pattern. If this attribute is not specified, deployment of user will be
        governed by a allow attribute.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

  <subsection name="Version Logging Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener">

    <p>The <strong>Version Logging Lifecycle Listener</strong> logs Tomcat, Java
    and operating system information when Tomcat starts.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    elements and should be the first listener defined.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Version
    Logging Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="logArgs" required="false">
        <p>If <code>true</code>, the command line arguments passed to Java when
        Tomcat started will be logged. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="logEnv" required="false">
        <p>If <code>true</code>, the current environment variables when Tomcat
        starts will be logged. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="logProps" required="false">
        <p>If <code>true</code>, the current Java system properties will be
        logged. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

  </subsection>

</section>

<section name="Additional Implementations">

  <subsection name="JMX Remote Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.mbeans.JmxRemoteLifecycleListener">

    <p>This listener requires <code>catalina-jmx-remote.jar</code> to be placed
    in <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>. This jar may be found in the extras
    directory of the binary download area.</p>

    <p>The <strong>JMX Remote Lifecycle Listener</strong> fixes the ports used by
    the JMX/RMI Server making things much simpler if you need to connect
    jconsole or a similar tool to a remote Tomcat instance that is running
    behind a firewall. Only these ports are configured via the listener. The
    remainder of the configuration is via the standard system properties for
    configuring JMX. For further information on configuring JMX see
    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html">
    Monitoring and Management Using JMX</a> included with the Java SDK
    documentation.</p>

    <p>This listener must only be nested within a <a href="server.html">Server</a>
    element.</p>

    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>JMX Remote
    Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>

    <attributes>

      <attribute name="rmiRegistryPortPlatform" required="true">
        <p>The port to be used by the JMX/RMI registry for the Platform MBeans.
        This replaces the use of the
        <code>com.sun.management.jmxremote.port</code> system property that
        should not be set when using this listener.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="rmiServerPortPlatform" required="true">
        <p>The port to be used by the Platform JMX/RMI server.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="rmiBindAddress" required="false">
        <p>The address of the interface to be used by JMX/RMI server.</p>
      </attribute>

      <attribute name="useLocalPorts" required="false">
        <p>Should any clients using these ports be forced to use local ports to
        connect to the JMX/RMI server. This is useful when tunnelling
        connections over SSH or similar. Defaults to <code>false</code>.</p>
      </attribute>

    </attributes>

    <h3>Using file-based Authentication and Authorisation</h3>

    <p>If this listener was configured in server.xml as:</p>
  <source><![CDATA[  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.JmxRemoteLifecycleListener"
          rmiRegistryPortPlatform="10001" rmiServerPortPlatform="10002" />]]></source>
    <p>with the following system properties set (e.g. in setenv.sh):</p>
  <source>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.password
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false</source>
    <p>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.password containing:</p>
  <source>admin letmein</source>
    <p>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access containing:</p>
  <source>admin readwrite</source>
    <p>then opening ports 10001 (RMI Registry) and 10002 (JMX/RMI Server) in your
    firewall would enable jconsole to connect to a Tomcat instance running
    behind a firewall using a connection string of the form:</p>
  <source>service:jmx:rmi://&lt;hostname&gt;:10002/jndi/rmi://&lt;hostname&gt;:10001/jmxrmi</source>
    <p>
    with a user name of <code>admin</code> and a password of
    <code>letmein</code>.
    </p>

    <h3>Using JAAS</h3>

    <p>If we use the following system properties instead:</p>
  <source>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.login.config=Tomcat
  -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/login.config
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false</source>
    <p>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/login.config containing your choice of JAAS LoginModule implementation, for example:</p>
  <source>  Tomcat { /* should match to the com.sun.management.jmxremote.login.config property */

    /* for illustration purposes only */
    com.sun.security.auth.module.LdapLoginModule REQUIRED
      userProvider="ldap://ldap-svr/ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"
      userFilter="(&amp;(uid={USERNAME})(objectClass=inetOrgPerson))"
      authzIdentity="admin"
      debug=true;
  };</source>
    <p>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access containing:</p>
  <source>admin readwrite</source>
    <p>
    then we would need to provide LDAP credentials instead.
    </p>

    <p><strong>Note that the examples above do not use SSL. JMX access should
    be considered equivalent to administrative access and secured accordingly.
    </strong></p>

  </subsection>

</section>

</body>

</document>
